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What are Smart Contracts? History, Function, and Use Cases
Los contratos inteligentes permiten automatizar ciertos aspectos de la funcionalidad de una plataforma. Estos acuerdos digitales ejecutan automáticamente acciones predeterminadas al recibir un activo digital o criptomoneda. Hoy en día, los contratos inteligentes se utilizan ampliamente en el ámbito de la cadena de bloques, pero no siempre fue así. Analicemos brevemente cómo surgieron estos útiles protocolos y cómo funcionan sin la intervención de terceros.
El concepto original de contrato inteligente es catorce años anterior a las criptomonedas. Irónicamente, el hombre al que se le atribuye el desarrollo de contratos inteligentes no es otro que el conocido bitcoinista Nick Szabo. Mucha gente cree que Nick en realidad es Satoshi Nakamoto debido a sus trabajos anteriores.
Nick famoso teorizado about value-storing bits utilizing a proof-of-work system five years before Bitcoin (BTC -0.67%) existed. He has always been a pioneer in the cryptospace. In 1994, Nick released his smart contract code to the public. He also coined the phrase “smart contract”.
Nick Szabo vía TMNews
Why are “Smart Contracts” Needed?
Every smart contract contains four core principles. First, you need the subject of the contract. The subject is what gives your contract access to the goods or services that the contract governs. Second, you need digital signatures (private keys) from everyone involved in the contract. These signatures are what initiate the contract. Next comes the specification of the contract terms. This part is where you lay out the exact sequence of operations that commence when the contract executes. Finally, you need a decentralized platform. A blockchain network keeps the smart contract stored in redundancy and safe from alterations.
Componentes de contratos inteligentes
- Objeto del contrato
- Firmas digitales
- Términos del Contrato
- Plataforma descentralizada
¿Cómo se utilizan los “contratos inteligentes”?
Hay infinitos usos de contratos inteligentes. Los contratos inteligentes le ayudan a intercambiar activos digitales y del mundo real. Los contratos inteligentes viven en la cadena de bloques y no se pueden modificar. Esta seguridad adicional hace que estos acuerdos digitales sean ideales para muchos escenarios comerciales.
Contratos inteligentes en ICO
Las Ofertas Iniciales de Monedas (ICO) utilizan protocolos de contratos inteligentes durante sus eventos de financiación colectiva. Los contratos inteligentes rastrean, calculan, adjudican y distribuyen automáticamente los fondos enviados entre la empresa y el inversor. La programación de contratos inteligentes permite la automatización de todo el proceso.
This automation allows companies to accept funding from a wider audience. The workload of the company is not increased, but the company’s fundraising exposure expands. The all-inclusive nature of this strategy helped push ICOs to record numbers during the 2017 boom. One (reporte) shows that ICO volume doubled the previous year’s numbers by May of 2018.
Las empresas tradicionales miran hacia los contratos inteligentes
Traditional firms continue entering the smart contract arena as blockchain integration continues. Today, platforms exist that utilize smart contracts for nearly everything, including real estate, investments, royalties, elections, logistics, and much more.
"Contratos inteligentes" impulsados por Ethereum
The cryptocurrency, Ethereum (ETH -0.83%), is best known for introducing the smart contract concept to the cryptospace. Ethereum’s ERC-20 protocol utilizes smart contracts to help automate token creation and distribution. ERC-20 is by far, the most widely used token issuance protocol in the market.
Codificación de contratos inteligentes de Ethereum a través de Ethereum.org
Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum’s developer, describes smart contracts as a program that “valida automáticamente una condición y determina si el activo debe ir a una persona o regresar a la persona que lo envió o alguna combinación.” Ethereum utilizes its Virtual Machine (EVM) to accomplish smart contract capabilities natively.
Desarrollo de Smart Contract
Since Ethereum raised smart contract awareness, more complex and advanced smart contract models have entered the cryptospace. Platforms such as EOS (EOS + 2.44%), Stellar (XLM + 1.57%) y NEO (NEO + 1.98%) utilize different consensus mechanisms when compared to the Proof-of-Work system originally used by Ethereum.
Smart contracts are removing the middleman from many of the most-used business systems today. The trustless nature of these protocols allows businesses and investors the ability to increase efficiency and security simultaneously. You should expect further integration of this technology into traditional business systems as more platforms enter the market.
