2025년 가장 큰 8대 기술 혁신 (주식 포함)

2025년 세계를 바꿀 혁신

2025년은 과학과 투자자뿐만 아니라 일상 생활과 인류 전체의 진보에도 장기적인 영향을 미칠 기술 혁신을 제공했습니다.

예상대로, 공통된 흐름은 컴퓨팅과 에너지였습니다.

더 많은 컴퓨팅 파워는 과학, 비즈니스, 일상 업무 수행 방식을 근본적으로 바꿀 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다. 따라서 양자 컴퓨팅과 같은 새로운 컴퓨팅 패러다임 및 AI 에이전트와 같은 소프트웨어 애플리케이션이 올해의 주요 트렌드가 되었습니다.

이 컴퓨팅 및 AI 붐을 연료하기 위해 전 세계는 더 많은 에너지를 필요로 합니다. 이 수요는 단순히 연산 자체뿐만 아니라 데이터 센터 구축에 필요한 구리, 알루미늄, 은, 희토류 및 기타 광물의 추출에서도 비롯됩니다.

마지막으로, 기후 변화는 기존에 화석 연료가 지배하던 에너지 시스템의 대규모 전기화를 지속적으로 추진하고 있습니다. 전기차뿐만 아니라 재생 에너지의 간헐적 생산에만 의존할 수 없는 전력망을 위해 전기 저장 기술이 빠르게 도입되고 있습니다.

2025년 가장 큰 혁신에 노출된 상장 기업

스와이프하여 스크롤 →

2025년 가장 영향력 있는 8대 혁신

1. AI 에이전트

If 2024 was the year AI went mainstream with the popularization of LLMs (Large Language Models), 2025 is when it began deploying applications to the real world.

이는 “AI 에이전트”를 통해 이루어지고 있습니다: AI 에이전트의 핵심 아이디어는 특정 환경에서 독립적으로 작동할 수 있는 AI를 만드는 것입니다.

이는 인간이 만든 프롬프트에 주로 반응하는 생성형 AI(LLM이나 이미지 생성기)와는 매우 다른 실용적 역할을 부여합니다.

이 맥락에서 “환경”은 실제 세계의 특정 상황—예를 들어 도로 위에서 자율주행 기능을 활용하는 자동차—또는 완전 가상적인 장소, 즉 특정 소프트웨어나 디지털 인터페이스를 의미할 수 있습니다.

AI 에이전트가 자율적으로 작동하기 때문에 지속적인 프롬프트 입력이 필요하지 않습니다. 확인이나 감독 없이 스스로 행동을 취할 수 있습니다.

실제로 대부분의 AI 에이전트는 핵심 단계에서 인간 감독자의 피드백을 요청하는 조건과 규칙을 내장하고 있습니다.

출처: DevRevAI

이러한 특성 덕분에 AI는 고객을 문제 해결 알고리즘으로 안내하거나 고속도로에서 트럭을 운전하는 등 매우 반복적인 작업에 특히 적합합니다. 인간과 달리 이러한 AI는 24시간 내내 작동하며 급여나 건강 보험이 필요하지 않습니다.

출처: Cobus Greyling

더 신뢰할 수 있고 작업에 특화된 AI 에이전트는 더 작은, 보다 전문화된 지식 및 추론 데이터셋에 의존하기 때문에 컴퓨팅 파워 요구량도 적습니다.

Overall, we should expect AI agents’ deployment across many industries to be a dominant part of the economic story in the coming years:

• 고객 서비스.
• 과학 연구.
• 웹사이트 및 마케팅.
• 번역 및 법률.
• 예술.
• 헬스케어.
• 보안.
• 물류 및 운송.
• 금융.
• 제조.

(You can read more about AI agents in our article dedicated to the topic)

AI 에이전트 회사 – Alibaba

서구에서는 저가 재료와 소비재 공급업체이자 전자상거래 플랫폼으로 더 잘 알려진 알리바바는 중국 내에서도 AI와 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 선도하는 거대 기술 기업입니다.

특히, 알리바바는 중국 클라우드 시장의 36%를 점유하고 있어 모든 경쟁자를 크게 앞서고 있습니다.

출처: Jeff Townson

아마도 가장 중요한 점은, 이미 여섯 개의 새로운 DeepSeek AI 모델을 제공하고 있다는 것입니다. 이 오픈소스 AI는 개발 비용과 사용당 비용 모두에서 미국 AI 모델 대부분을 훨씬 낮은 비용으로 능가하며 전 세계를 놀라게 했습니다.

알리바바는 자체 AI 모델인 Qwen도 보유하고 있으며, Qwen 2.5가 DeepSeek V3보다 더 우수하다고 주장합니다.

“Qwen 2.5-Max는 거의 전반적으로 GPT-4o, DeepSeek-V3 및 Llama-3.1-405B보다 뛰어납니다,”

Alibaba’s Cloud Unit

클라우드와 AI 성장 외에도, 알리바바는 여전히 중국 전자상거래의 거대 기업으로, Taobao와 Tmall은 2019년 전 세계 온라인 판매의 29% 점유율에서 약간 감소했습니다.

최근 AI 진전으로 알리바바에 대한 인식이 바뀌었습니다. 기존의 레거시 전자상거래 위치에서 압박을 받던 알리바바는 다시 중국 기술 혁신을 이끄는 선두주자로 전환했습니다.

Quark, Qwen으로 구동되는 종합 AI 에이전트는 알리바바가 중국 AI 어시스턴트 시장을 장악하기 위해 처음에 AI 검색 엔진으로 배포하고 2억 명의 사용자를 확보한 뒤 출시한 새로운 무기입니다.

수년간의 기술 단속과 중국 투자에 대한 우려로 인해 상대적으로 낮은 주가를 보이고 있는 알리바바는 AI 경쟁에서 중국이 선두를 차지할 것에 베팅하려는 투자자에게 기회가 될 수 있습니다.

(You can also read our dedicated report focused on Alibaba for more details.)

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2. 자율주행 & 엣지 컴퓨팅

While self-driving AIs can be seen as a subset of AI agents, their potential is so transformative that they deserve their own mention in the hall of fame of 2025’s innovations, as we explained in “2025: The Year Self-Driving Cars Go Mainstream?“.

Back in 2023, the ARK Invest “Big Ideas” report projected massive potential revenues for robotaxis, with revenues as high as $9T projected by 2030.

Behind the idea is the core economic fact that robotaxis could reduce the need for owning a car, provided rides are cheap enough.

This creates a positive feedback loop: cheap fares increase demand, which increases the utilization of robotaxis, amortizing capital costs, reducing prices further, and increasing demand again.

Currently, the industry is moving away from the consensus solution of LIDAR (“laser radar”) + cameras, to camera-only. This allows for the removal of the dependency on expensive LIDARs and mimics how a human driver analyzes the road.

This shift is driven largely by the extremely quick rate of improvement in AI reasoning and so-called “edge computing”: calculating a safe driving path directly using the car’s hardware, without extra connection to an outside server.

자율주행 회사 – Tesla

This direction greatly benefits Tesla, which has long been the sole advocate of this strategy.

As the company collected an order of magnitude more data from its fleet, it may be the first to achieve “true” autonomous driving, beyond the “geofenced” limits imposed on solutions like Waymo (part of Google/Alphabet (GOOGL )).

출처: ARK Invest

Until 2025, Tesla’s release of Full Self-Driving (FSD) was a perpetually “soon” then delayed announcement, stemming from unfulfilled 2018 expectations and leading to harsh criticisms.

However, this changed when Texas granted Tesla Robotaxi a permit to run a ride-hailing service in 2025년 8월, following a test run in Austin since June. For now, a Tesla employee remains on board as a safety monitor.

(You can read more about Tesla in its dedicated investment report.)

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3. 토륨 핵에너지

Nuclear power plants use the fission of uranium atoms to create heat, which is then turned into electricity. Uranium was originally chosen because its use created plutonium—useful for nuclear weapons—which was a strategic advantage during the Cold War.

Today, the need for low-carbon energy combined with concerns over nuclear proliferation makes non-weaponizable fissile materials more attractive.

This makes thorium the best alternative to uranium. It is 4x more abundant and more equally distributed across the planet.

Thorium mining is far less impactful on the environment, and thorium nuclear energy generates significantly less nuclear waste, with that waste having a shorter half-life than that produced by conventional reactors.

출처: Energy From Thorium

Lastly, thorium reactors are safer due to the way the material generates energy—at least for molten salt reactors—as they do not need an external cooling system and cannot experience a runaway chain reaction (the cause of meltdowns at Chernobyl and Fukushima).

2025 saw China manage not just to refuel its experimental thorium reactor without interruption, but also the first conversion of thorium and uranium nuclear fuel.

“This milestone breakthrough provides core technological support and feasible solutions for the large-scale development and utilization of thorium resources in China and the development of fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy systems.”

Li Qingnuan – Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Deputy Director

토륨 & 핵 주식 – BWX Technologies

Today, thorium reactors are most advanced in China, and most private companies developing thorium reactors in the West are privately listed, such as Copenhagen Atomics, Terrestrial Energy, or TerraPower.

However, any growth in nuclear energy—be it SMR (Small Modular Reactor), 4^th generation uranium reactors, or thorium reactors—will need nuclear-rated components, fuel, and access to the existing nuclear supply chain.

BWX Technology is a major provider of nuclear parts and components, as well as the builder of nuclear reactors for the US Navy. The company has delivered 400+ reactors for naval nuclear power in its 60+ year history, as well as 315 steam generators for nuclear power plants.

The company is also the only one accredited to produce high-quality uranium at 20%+. This fuel type is needed for so-called micro-reactors, which are even smaller than SMRs. These can power applications like space systems for NASA and remote military locations.

BWXT is also entering the nuclear medicine field, hoping to capture some of the sector’s $500M annual revenues.

As the US Navy looks to restart building massive 35,000-ton battleships, all nuclear-powered, this should provide further opportunity for BWX Technology, on top of continuous orders for submarines and carriers.

Finally, BWXT is working on an SMR design with GE Energy, as GE is a main contender in the nascent global SMR market, with contracts already agreed with Estonia and Canada.

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4. 전고체 배터리

As EVs attempt to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) cars completely, ever-denser batteries are required to compete directly with fossil fuels.

A large segment of consumers remains doubtful of the range and recharging speeds of most EV models. The risk of fire from traditional lithium-ion batteries is also a concern.

The solution is solid-state batteries. These replace the liquid electrolyte in lithium-ion with a solid electrolyte, eliminating fire risks and massively increasing energy density.

출처: QuantumScape

2025 was the year the solid-state battery finally moved from promising prototype to mass production and integration into commercial vehicles. This was primarily the achievement of QuantumScape and its partnership with Volkswagen.

전고체 배터리 회사 – QuantumScape

In 2025, QuantumScape saw the debut of its battery in the electric motorcycle Ducati V21L.

출처: QuantumScape

QuantumScape’s design is significantly superior to lithium-ion batteries in almost all metrics:

• It can charge in just 15 minutes (10-80% at 45 ºC).
• The separator replacing the liquid electrolyte is nonflammable and noncombustible.
• Its battery cells’ energy density is 844 Wh/L and 301 Wh/kg.

• For reference, Tesla’s 4680 cells stand at 643 Wh/L and 241 Wh/kg, and BYD’s blade cells at ~375 Wh/l and 160 Wh/kg.

Volkswagen’s battery department, PowerCo, will provide QuantumScape up to $131 million in new payments over the next two years upon achieving certain milestones, demonstrating the group’s commitment to solid-state technology.

(You can read more about QuantumScape in our dedicated investment report.)

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5. 양자 컴퓨팅

Quantum computing involves using quantum physics to perform calculations, differing fundamentally from semiconductor-based methods.

Instead of generating 0s and 1s (no current or current), it uses “quantum bits,” or qubits, where particle data can be 0 AND 1 simultaneously.

This is a game-changer for complex calculations like climate modeling, cryptography, or the 3D configuration of complex molecules like proteins.

출처: IonQ

When mature, this technology could represent a $500B market, with individual applications representing >$10B markets each.

출처: IBM

From early proofs-of-concept, several milestones were achieved in 2025, alongside pioneering steps in new computing methods:

• Quantum teleportation of data through ordinary optical fiber.
• New magnetic superconductor materials to create quantum logic gates.
• 2D superconducting material to create low-loss superconducting qubits.
• Photon sifter for creating all-optical quantum computers.

All these advancements prove that quantum computing is getting much closer to commercial use.

양자 컴퓨팅 회사 – IBM

IBM is at the forefront of quantum computer development. It developed its 127-qubit “Eagle” computer, followed by the 433-qubit “Osprey” and the “Condor”, a 1,121 superconducting qubit processor.

The goal is ‘IBM Quantum System Two’, a modular system capable of supporting up to 16,632 qubits by combining up to 3 quantum units.

출처: IBM

Finally, IBM released Qiskit 1.0 in 2024년 2월, the most popular quantum computing SDK. It offers improvements in circuit construction, compilation times, and memory consumption.

In early 2025, IBM reached $1B in quantum computing sales, having deployed 75+ systems since 2016.

IBM currently offers access to 100-qubit QPUs (Quantum Processing Units) through several plans paid on a per-minute basis.

The service is already in use, with case studies from electric grid company E.ON, Boeing, Mitsubishi Chemical, and CERN.

IBM’s strength has historically been in ultra-powerful supercomputers, a segment overshadowed by consumer electronics. The emergence of quantum computing is an occasion for IBM to shine again and become a leader in scientific and corporate computing, with an extensive roadmap planned through 2033.

출처: IBM

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6. 핵융합

If nuclear fission is a promising low-carbon energy method, nuclear fusion would be a superior option to all other forms of energy generation:

• No carbon emissions or pollution.
• Unlimited fuel (hydrogen is the most abundant resource in the Universe).
• Dependable, stable baseload energy generation.

(You can read more about nuclear fusion technology in our report on the topic, as well as the international collaboration project ITER.)

Achieving commercially viable fusion is difficult, requiring plasma heated to millions of degrees, maintained for hours, with energy extracted efficiently.

However, this is likely changing soon. Many private companies moved toward their first commercial prototypes in 2025, including Proxima Fusion and Commonwealth Fusion Systems.

But the move grabbing the most attention in 2025 is the $6B merger of the US President’s company, Trump Media & Technology Group, with TAE Technologies, aiming to build the world’s first utility-scale fusion power plant next year.

핵융합 반응로 회사 – Trump Media & Technology Group

The merger of a media company with a nuclear fusion firm came as a surprise.

It implies that TAE has managed specific milestones on the path to fusion commercialization that were previously undisclosed. It also suggests the US President intends to speed up the deployment of this technology in the USA.

In 2026, the combined company plans to site and begin construction on the world’s first utility-scale fusion power plant (50 MWe), subject to required approvals. Additional fusion power plants are planned and expected to be 350 – 500 MWe.

This could trigger questions about conflicts of interest regarding regulatory approval. Nevertheless, this endorsement from the highest level is a clear sign that fusion is no longer “20 years in the future,” but arriving fast. 2025 was clearly the inflection point.

With the infusion of TMTG’s significant capital, TAE is on the precipice of scaling its leading technology to usher in a new era of energy abundance. The world needs energy, and fusion is the clear answer.”

Michael B. Schwab – Founder and Managing Director of Big Sky Partners

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7. 재사용 로켓과 궤도 비용 감소

During the 2020s, access to space was transformed by reliable reusable rockets, largely thanks to SpaceX. This collapsed the cost of reaching orbit by more than 10x.

출처: ARK Research

But to form a true space-based economy, even cheaper and larger rockets are needed.

2025 was the year SpaceX turned its largest-ever rocket, Starship, from an often exploding prototype to a workable solution. Starship managed several mid-air catches by the “Mechazilla” landing tower. Test 11 succeeded in recovering the booster stage, deploying its payload, and splashing down the upper stage.

SpaceX is one of many private companies progressing quickly in reusable rockets. While most remain private (although a SpaceX IPO is rumored for 2026), one major player is publicly listed: Rocket Lab.

재사용 로켓 회사 – Rocket Lab

Rocket Lab was founded in 2006, 4 years after SpaceX. It became a public company via SPAC in 2021.

Rocket Lab has launched 203 satellites and manufactured components for over 1,700 satellites in orbit. In 2024, it performed 56 launches of its Electron rocket, making it the second most frequent U.S. rocket and the 3^rd globally.

The next step is the Neutron rocket, a much larger model with 13,000 kilos of payload to Low-earth Orbit (LEO)—43x more mass than Electron. Neutron uses LOX/Methane, similar to SpaceX’s Starship.

출처: Rocket Lab

In 2025, the company is finalizing touches for two Neutron launches already booked for 2026 & 2027.

Rocket Lab is also developing a rocket for the Pentagon to test hypersonic missiles (the HASTE program).

While rockets grab attention, Rocket Lab is currently primarily a satellite-building company by revenue, with extensive cleanroom and production facilities. This makes it a “one-stop shop” for companies needing both a satellite and launch provider—an “end-to-end space company.”

In 2025, it will also participate in the “Astroscale Orbital Debris Inspection Demonstration Mission” (ADRAS-J) to observe derelict rocket stages and determine methods for deorbiting them.

(You can read more about Rocket Lab in our dedicated report on the company)

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8. 암호화폐가 주류로 (ETF, 거래소, 토큰화)

After years of growth, 2025 was the year cryptocurrencies finally went mainstream.

On one hand, this seems contrary to the initial promise of crypto as an anti-establishment alternative. On the other, increased regulation and integration illustrate the growing importance of the asset class.

Investors can now buy Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs, and VanEck launched a Solana ETF in 2025년 11월. Several exchanges offer cards tied to Visa and MasterCard, and a complex ecosystem of derivative products has grown around cryptos.

Meanwhile, blockchain technology is being adopted in supply chains, payment solutions, and for “tokenized” stocks.

규제 준수 암호화폐 회사- Gemini Space Station

As crypto goes mainstream, exchanges with a history of regulatory compliance have a reputational advantage when partnering with large banks and investment firms.

This is the core idea behind Gemini’s strategy to build a “trusted crypto-native finance platform” acting as a bridge between traditional finance and the crypto economy. Their mantra counters the typical tech startup philosophy:

“Ask for permission, not forgiveness.”

This focus on security allowed the company to earn ISO 27001 and SOC 2 Type 2 certifications.

In 2025, Gemini settled all previous regulatory issues with the CFTC and SEC.

This opened the way for the company’s 2025년 9월 IPO, and it received approval from the U.S. to operate as a Designated Contract Market (DCM) and enter prediction markets.

“Prediction markets have the potential to be as big or bigger than traditional capital markets.

For example, “Will 1 bitcoin end this year higher than $200k?” Yes or no. Or, “Will Elon Musk’s X end up paying the full $140 million fine to the European Commission in 2026?” Yes or no.”

This puts Gemini alongside giants like Kalshi and Polymarket.

Progress made by Gemini and companies like Coinbase (COIN )—also entering prediction markets at the end of 2025—illustrates that crypto is now an integral part of the financial system.

(You can read more about Gemini in our dedicated article about the company.)

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