지구 온난화 해결에 기여하는 바이오테크 주식 투자

지구 온난화 해결

Climate change, aka global warming, is becoming the central concern for most policies worldwide. A lot of proposed solutions look at it from mostly 2 angles:

1. 화석 연료에서 벗어난 에너지 시스템으로 전환하여 CO2 배출을 감소시키는 것.
2. 대기 중 CO2를 제거하거나 지구 온도를 낮추는 기술적 해결책.

Most of these solutions are technologically oriented: EVs, fuel cells, renewable energies, utility-scale batteries, carbon capture, or even geoengineering.

이는 대부분의 기후 변화 피해가 생태계와 식량 공급을 교란함으로써 발생한다는 점을 간과하는 것입니다. 물론 해수면 상승이나 기후 변화 자체가 훨씬 더 광범위한 영향을 미칩니다.

하지만 우리가 일부 피해를 완화할 수 있다면 여러 면에서 도움이 됩니다. 첫째, 사회의 혼란을 제한하여 해결책을 더 잘 적용하고 인적 비용을 줄일 수 있습니다. 또한 다른 문제를 완화하기 위한 자원을 확보할 수 있습니다.

A key to help make our food systems and ecosystems more resistant will definitely be biotechnology.

그리고 일부 바이오테크놀로지는 탄소 배출을 줄이거나 탄소를 포집함으로써, 혹은 농업 자체를 완전히 대체함으로써 기후 변화 해결에 기여할 수도 있습니다.

대체 연료

EVs are taking over the car markets. But there are going to be a lot of fuel‑powered cars for decades. And oil is even harder to replace for trucks, ships, or planes. So, finding a carbon‑neutral alternative to oil is needed.

That is the promise of biofuels. After all, oil and natural gas were created from organic matter, slowly decomposing and accumulating over geological time. So, recreating this process ourselves could allow for turning plants into CO2 pumps and fuel‑creating machines.

The most promising avenue for this technology is algal biofuels, as it avoid competing with food production for fertile soil.

This is a topic we investigate further in our article “Algal Biofuel: The Next Energy Revolution?” covering the technology’s details and the two forefront leaders in the field, Indian Reliance Industry (RELIANCE.NS) and “Big Oil” ExxonMobil (XOM ) (XOM).

Another possible “fuel” is biogas from organic matter and farming waste. Many companies produce biogas in ecological and carbon‑negative or carbon‑neutral ways, for example, Scandinavian Biogas Fuels International AB (BIOGAS.ST), OPAL Fuels (OPAL ) (OPAL), or EnviTec Biogas AG (ETG.DE ) (ETG.DE)

탄소 포집

Soil is one of the greatest carbon reservoirs on Earth. The erosion of topsoil and the loss of organic matter in soil is among the top sources of global carbon emissions.

This is why Gingko Bioworks (DNA) is working on modifying microbes and fungi to increase soil biomass.

By combining “mechanical” carbon capture with biogas, Bloom Energy (BE ) Corp (BE) is one of the rare carbon capture companies able to avoid emissions and perform actual removal of carbon from the atmosphere.

농업 배출 감소

Farming is a big carbon polluter, and a few things could be done to reduce the sector’s CO2 production.

One option is to remove the need for fossil fuels in farming. This could be done either by electrifying tractors or removing tractors entirely and replacing them with a fleet of smaller, more efficient robots. We covered This idea further in our article “Investors Should Take Note: Robots Are Taking Over Farming.”

Another option is to reduce the need for fertilizers. Potash and phosphorus are mined, which is a carbon‑heavy activity and damaging to the environment. Nitrogen fertilizers are mostly produced using natural gas.

Nitrogen fertilizer could be replaced by engineered bacteria, fixing the nitrogen in the air into the soil. This is a project on which Bayer (BAYRY) collaborates with Gingko Bioworks (DNA).

A powerful greenhouse effect gas is methane. It is emitted by massive quantities of ruminants like cows or sheep, considering the size of herds grown for human consumption.

다양한 번식 전략, 반추동물의 마이크로바이옴을 변화시키는, 혹은 특정 사료 보충제는 이러한 배출을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

Another possibility is to modify crops and animals to make them less demanding (land, fertilizer, feed, etc…) or less emitting greenhouse gases. A central method likely to be used is CRISPR, a gene editing technology barely 10 years old but already widely explored for applications in human medicine and agricultural biotechnology.

We have explored this deeply in our article “CRISPR Beyond Human Health: The New Investing Frontier for Gene Editing.” New crops more resistant to drought, extreme climate events, or new pathogens will help feed the world despite climate change’s harmful effects.

농업 완전 대체

Some plants are farmed only for a very specific compound they produce. An oil used in cosmetics, a scent or flavor used in perfume or food. Maybe a very expensive spice. Or an active compound, like in the case of cannabis.

Most of the time, the final product is less than 1% of the total biomass.

So, alternative methods would reduce the overall need for farming and environmental impact.

We explored this in our article “Top 5 Synthetic Biology Public Companies (2023년 4월)”. In it, we notably discussed Amyris (AMRS), producing fragrance and another high‑value molecule in industrial fermenters. Another company doing the same is Calyxt (CLXT), using both plant cells in fermenters and CRISPR gene editing.

And Ginkgo Bioworks (DNA) is looking to produce cannabinoids in labs using microorganisms.

Another option could be growing food directly in the lab.

This includes vertical farming, allowing for a reduction of water consumption and land usage. A land that can then instead be used for carbon capture, rewilding, or growing forests. Some of the prominent stocks in the sector are,

1. Kalera (NASDAQ:KALRQ)

2. Appharvest (NASDAQ:APPHQ)

3. Hydrofarm Holdings (NASDAQ:HYFM)

It can also be lab‑grown meat, something we discussed in “Top 5 Lab‑Grown Meat Stocks to Invest In (2023년 4월)“, covering Tyson Food (TSN), JBS (JBSAY), Agronomics Limited (AGNMF), Cult Food Science (CULT.CN), and Steakholder Foods Ltd (STKH )  (STKH).

결론

This is just a little bit of what biotechnology can do to help solve or at least reduce the damage of climate change.

More techniques will likely be added to the arsenal like genetically modified trees, biochar (trapping carbon in charcoal and soil), kelp seaweed farms, fertilizing the oceans’ microalgae with iron, etc…

Maybe the solution to a technological problem (carbon emissions) is not or at least not entirely in the better or new technology. Maybe life itself, in all its forms, starting from microbes and finishing with trees, also holds part of the solution.