투자할 상위 10개 배터리 주식 (7월 2026)

번개를 병에 담다

Energy is vital to civilization and life in general. It is also tough to store. For a long time, the only available forms of stored energy were food (for humans or animals) and wood/charcoal.

산업 혁명과 함께 우리는 석탄, 석유, 가스와 같은 지하 매장량을 활용하기 시작했습니다.

하지만 전기만큼 유용하고 다재다능한 에너지 형태는 없습니다. 전기는 컴퓨터 칩에 전력을 공급하고, 전구를 켜며, 대형 산업 장비에 동력을 제공하는 등 다양한 용도로 사용할 수 있는 최고의 에너지 형태 중 하나입니다.

유일한 문제는 전기를 저장하기가 어렵다는 점입니다. 그래서 전력망은 매우 복잡하며, 매 순간 생산과 수요를 지속적으로 균형 맞추어야 합니다.

In theory, batteries are the answer for storing electricity. With the lithium-ion battery, it finally became possible to pack enough power in a small and light enough fashion to power devices like computers or smartphones.

전기차량의 전동화

Another reason to prefer electricity to fossil fuels is that it can be produced carbon-neutrally with renewables (or even nuclear power plants). With climate change a growing concern, reducing fossil fuel demand is ever more critical.

그리고 화석 연료를 가장 많이 소비하는 분야는 바로 운송 분야입니다. 석유는 에너지 밀도가 가장 높은 연료 중 하나이기 때문에, 무게나 부피당 많은 에너지를 함유하고 있어 대체하기가 어렵습니다.

테슬라와 BYD와 같은 기업들이 현대적인 전기차(EV)를 출시하면서, 배터리 기술이 이제는 휘발유와 경쟁할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 고밀도임을 입증했습니다.

이로 인해 배터리에 대한 수요가 폭발적으로 증가하고 있으며, 전기차가 그 주된 원동력입니다. 앞으로의 성장 역시 전기차에서 크게 나올 것으로 예상됩니다.

출처: Statista

전기차 배터리 수요는 2022년 564억 달러에서 2027년 1,346억 달러로 연평균 19% 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다.

또 다른 성장 분야는 가정 및 전력망에 전력을 공급하는 고정형 배터리입니다. 재생 에너지는 풍력처럼 예측이 어려운 경우도 있고, 태양광은 밤에 전기를 생산하지 못하는 등 간헐적이기 때문에, 완전 탈탄소화된 전력망은 저녁 피크 수요를 충당하기 위해 대규모 배터리 시설이 필요합니다.

상위 10개 배터리 주식

1. Tesla, Inc.

(TSLA )

The uncontested leader of the EV market is Tesla, which has been at the forefront of the EV revolution.

아마도 테슬라의 가장 큰 기여는 기술이 아니라 전기차 이미지 자체일 것입니다. 포르쉐와 비슷한 성능과 가격대를 가진 로드스터 1.0은 전기차에 대한 기대치를 완전히 바꾸어 놓았습니다. 전기차는 탄소 배출을 줄이고 “친환경”일 수 있다는 점 외에도, “멋진” 요소를 갖추게 된 것이죠. 이는 전기차를 “지구를 구하기 위한 필수 희생”에서 “미래 교통수단”으로 전환시켰습니다.

테슬라는 또한 모든 테슬라 차량이 제공하는 방대한 데이터 흐름을 활용해 완전 자율주행/로보택시를 구현하려는 첫 기업이 되기를 목표로 하고 있습니다.

테슬라 차량은 세계 최고의 배터리 중 일부를 사용합니다. 초기에는 파나소닉이 공급했으며, 이후 CATL, 그리고 최근에는 BYD가 공급했으며, 자체 생산도 진행하고 있습니다.

마지막으로 테슬라는 태양광 패널 사업과 가정용 고정 배터리(Powerwall), 그리고 유틸리티 규모 배터리(Megapack)까지 에너지 분야에 적극 진출하고 있습니다.

출처: Tesla

이 사업부는 아직 초기 단계이지만, 장기적으로는 차량 제조 부문만큼 큰 규모가 될 가능성이 있습니다.

테슬라는 이미 1,500개 이상의 현장에서 10GWh 규모의 Megapack을 설치했으며, 설치 속도는 매우 빠르게 증가하고 있습니다.

출처: Tesla

빠르게 성장하는 자동차 판매와 더욱 빠르게 성장하는 유틸리티 규모 배터리 시스템을 동시에 보유한 테슬라는 세계 최고의 배터리 소비자이자 공급자입니다.

Tesla is one of the most valuable companies in the world, with a stock price that exploded upward in the last few years. And a lot of its current market capitalization reflects strong optimism about its future. So, investors will want to check if the price they pay can be justified by future growth or if some of that growth is already priced in.

2. Toyota Motor Corporation

(TM )

Toyota is a “classic” automaker and the world’s second-largest car seller, just behind Volkswagen. It is a truly global company, with sales spread equally worldwide. It is also recognized as one of the most efficient manufacturers, with best-in-class automation and just-in-time supply chains and manufacturing systems.

출처: Toyota

한때 토요타는 전기차 부문에서 뒤처졌으며, 화석 연료 차량, 하이브리드, 수소차에 집중했습니다.

하지만 이제 900마일 배터리 계획을 발표하며 상황이 바뀌고 있습니다. 토요타가 전기차에 대한 입장을 바꾸게 된 배경은 고체 전해질 배터리 기술에서의 성과 때문인데, 이는 이론적으로 업계 판도를 바꿀 수 있는 기술로, 더 높은 에너지 밀도와 안전성, 빠른 충전을 가능하게 합니다. 이러한 모델은 2027~2028년에 출시될 예정이며, 업계 선두주자들의 성능에 도전할 것입니다.

Toyota’s prudent turn toward electrification can be interesting for investors skeptical of claims of sudden and radical transformation of the transportation sector. With Toyota spending capital on EVs only now, once solid-state batteries are available, and still keeping some fuel cars in its lineup, it makes for a bet on electrification moving forward, but only once the technology is mature enough to replace legacy systems fully.

3. BYD Company Limited

BYD is the leading EV company in China, with 1,860,000 vehicles sold in 2022, €20B in revenues in 2022, and one of the largest private companies in the country.

The company started as the first supplier of lithium-ion batteries to Motorola in 2000 and entered the automotive business as early as 2003. Today, it is also active in buses, trains, semiconductors, and battery energy storage.

출처: Byd Company

Thanks to its sheer size, “BYD Surpassed LG to Become the World’s Second-Largest EV Battery Supplier”

Beyond the EV market, BYD, like Tesla, is looking to utilize its outsize battery supply for other markets. It notably launched the Battery-Box for residential usage, using cobalt-free Lithium Iron Phosphate chemistry. It also offers its New Energy package, combining solar and storage solutions.

Bringing together Battery-Box and New Energy, BYD Energy Storage System (ESS) has shipped more than 14 GWh of storage capacity.

BYD owns the complete supply chain layout from mineral battery cells to battery packs. This helped it set up its own proprietary recycling solution, using old car batteries as fixed storage or full battery recycling through a new subdivision in 2022.

BYD is now expanding overseas, especially in Europe, with €30,000 models and 265-mile ranges. This could pressure local manufacturers and Tesla, with a price tag now in the range of fuel-powered cars. Expansion in the US is more cautious as the US-China rivalry keeps escalating.

With strong growth prospects in Asia and Europe, as well as a dominant position in China, the leading market for EVs, BYD’s stock is the less famous and less high-valuation alternative to Tesla.

4. Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited

Chinese CATL is by far the largest battery company in the world if judged by the volume of batteries. It produced in 2022 almost half of the world’s batteries by GWh. It also has some of the most advanced lithium iron phosphate batteries, which might be a solution for creating cheaper and “dense enough” batteries for low-cost EVs.

CATL’s expertise in battery chemistry extends to other options as well. Notably, the impressive 160 Wh/kg Sodium-ion battery was announced in 2021. Replacing lithium with abundant and cheap sodium offers an alternative to lithium, whose price has been very volatile and high in recent years. And for applications still requiring lithium, CATL is also investing $1.4B to develop lithium production in Bolivia.

But when it comes to battery performance, CATL is at the very edge of progress. First, it announced a 330 Wh/ kg ultra-durable “million miles” battery that charges to 80% in 5 minutes and is ready for commercialization. This battery should be used by Tesla in the future and will be the new standard for high-performance EVs.

It also recently announced a record-breaking 500 Wh/kg “condensed” battery, which would be dense enough to power long-range EVs and planes. It also claims to have found a way to make batteries handle cold weather better, but it is still a weakness of the technology and a problem for EVs in cold countries.

Leaders in EVs like Tesla and BYD, or ambitious new entries like Toyota, might look to develop their own battery technology as a unique advantage. But the rest of the auto industry, including German, American, and Japanese automakers, are looking for partners to keep up in the race for advanced batteries. This notably includes Ford, Nio, BAIC, Volvo & BMW, Honda, and Mercedes Benz.

CATL has the production volume to benefit the most from economies of scale in battery manufacturing. Its large sales also feedback directly into scientific expertise and a large R&D budget, allowing for more breakthroughs. By not being an automaker, it is also a better partner for most of the industry than their direct competitors like BYD and Tesla.

Altogether, this makes a compelling argument for CATL to remain the leader in battery production. However, the rising tensions between the US and China should not be completely forgotten, and its stock might get caught in the middle of the power struggle between the 2 largest economies in the world.

5. LG Energy Solution, Ltd.

While CATL is the battery market leader, the number 2 is South Korean LG Energy Solution, ahead of BYD and Panasonic. Together, these 4 companies control 71.9% of the market for battery supply to third parties.

출처: Statista

This branch of the giant conglomerate is listed separately in Korea and will make more sense than investing in the general LG stock for exposure to batteries, which covers a lot of other activities like electronics, home appliances, etc.

Nevertheless, the existence and links to the wider LG groups are important, as it allows LG Energy Solution to offer its products as part of a whole package, including car electronics, displays, and motors, and even rely on LG Chem for supplying it raw materials.

The company has been growing very quickly, doubling its revenues between 2020 and 2022 and turning a negative income into solid profits. When compared to 2014, LG Energy Solution revenues went up more than 7x, with an average 30% CAGR.

출처: LG Energy

The company is also working on solid-state batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries. All-in-all, LG is likely to stay one of the world’s leaders in battery technology and production and benefit greatly from the growing demand for batteries for EVs.

6. Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.

Samsung SDI is part of the giant conglomerate from South Korea that deals with batteries, screens/displays, and semiconductors.

Regarding batteries, it includes small sizes for electronic devices, including the large volume of Samsung smartphones, of course, but also e-bikes, e-scooter power tools, garden tools, and vacuum cleaners.  The company holds a 26.8% market share in this sector.

The company is also active in EV battery packs and stationary storage systems. Samsung has notably signed a deal with GM for a US $3B battery plant. It is also building a $1.3B battery plant in Malaysia. Samsung should also provide BMW $3B worth of batteries in the next 10 years.

Samsung is not the first name that comes to mind when discussing batteries in the small electronic market. It does not have the massive market share of its Chinese and Korean competitors for EV supplies.

Still, major industrial companies like GM and BMW have chosen to rely on Samsung for their energy transition plans. This should tell us something about the potential of the company’s technology that it did manage in some cases to outbid its larger competitors.

The larger Samsung group’s role should also not be dismissed, as battery technology will make its way into more and more applications as time passes. For example, the conglomerate is a major shipbuilder and active in renewable energies. Combined with its excellence in other high-tech sectors like smartphones and electronic chips, Samsung’s relative lag in sales might not last long.

So Samsung SDI might surprise investors by catching up when everyone was looking at the battery war between automakers.

7. Panasonic Holdings Corporation

Panasonic has been part of the growth of battery technology from early on, being the first supplier to Tesla when the company was barely an ambitious startup. And it is still a major supplier to the EV supply chain.

It is also looking to stay at the top of innovation in the sector by establishing a joint venture with Toyota to develop new battery technologies, focusing on solid-state batteries. Theoretically, these batteries should be superior to lithium-ion batteries: safer, charging quicker, and with a  much higher theoretical density.

Another sector where Panasonic’s innovation is top-notch is in reducing the need for polluting or hard-to-supply metals. This includes the world’s first battery with less than 5% cobalt content. In the long term, the goal will be to produce cobalt-free batteries that also require less nickel. This should both reduce the environmental impact and the price of the batteries.

The company is building a $4B, 30 GWh factory in Kansas, due to start in early 2025. It also talks with Stellantis (Peugeot, Citroen, Jeep, etc…) and BMW for new battery plants.

For investors interested in battery stock, Panasonic is an interesting company with impressive technology. However, batteries are only a segment of the Panasonic Group activities, and investing only in this subsection is impossible.

Much of the current business is also electronic, software, electric components, and appliances.

출처: Panasonic

So investors in Panasonic will need to also asses these other elements and not focus solely only on the battery activities. This can also provide plenty of synergies, upsells, and cross-sells between Panasonic departments, such as in-car entertainment systems for Ford or a mobile app for Harley-Davidson’s first electric motorcycle.

8. QuantumScape Corporation

(QS )

QuantumScape is a pre-revenue startup developing solid-state batteries.

The logic behind this idea is that the lithium-ion battery design has some unsolvable flaws, notably the need for a liquid or gel electrolyte. This increases the risk of fire and increases the “dead weight” in the batteries.

Solid-state technology solves this by having only solid metals in the battery. The company has been backed by Bill Gates and has partnered with Volkswagen since 2012.

Quantum Scape aims for its battery to be way above its competitors’ charging speed and density. Notably, it claims it has a path to a battery density of 500 Wh/kg and even up to 1,000 Wh/kg.

These are impressive numbers and have long been considered very ambitious, more than any lithium-ion manufacturer could hope to match.

출처: QuantumScape

Nevertheless, moving from prototype to mass manufacturing is a difficult step, and QuantumScape has somewhat lagged behind its initial optimistic forecast regarding the date to reach the markets.

This has caused repeated delays, and the company only started to ship prototypes for testing to automakers in Q1 2023. So, the company is unlikely to have a working product for sale and at scale before 2025.

This should not be a problem in itself, as the company has enough cash until that date. It will focus on selling to consumer electronic manufacturers in the meantime, as the smaller production batches are less of an issue in this industry than for EVs. What would power only one EV is enough to supply hundreds of computers and smartphones.

Another concern is CATL’s recent announcement of a 500 Wh/kg “condensed” / semi-solid battery; Quantum Scape’s solid-state battery might face tougher than-expected competition. You can follow the link for a more detailed and technical discussion on this topic.

Still, the idea that QuantumScape’s technology is maybe only on par with the world’s leader in battery production despite a much smaller budget says a lot about the quality of the company’s team and research efforts. It is likely that both CATL and QuantumScape will reach the market around the same time with their 500 Wh/kg batteries, around 2025-2026.

This timeline explains Toyota’s target for aggressive expansion in the EV market with solid-state batteries in 2026-2027. With its smaller market cap and no revenues yet, QuantumScape is a more speculative and risky bet that could pay off much more.

The last thing to consider is the distant but real possibility of Chinese companies being locked away from the US market by trade disputes. In that context, QuantumScape could become the late but much-supported American Alternative to the Chinese giants like CATL and BYD.

9. FREYR Battery

(FREY )

FREYR is a company looking to mass manufacture the technology from 24M, a spin-off from MIT.

They have developed a “semi-solid” battery, which should reduce production costs by 40% and improve its specs. This technology has already been licensed to Volkswagen and Fujifilm and has partnerships for building battery factories with FREYR (Norway), Lucas TVS (India), and Axxiva (China).

FREYR is looking to build a 43 GW battery factory in Norway, leveraging the country’s low-carbon power grid to produce some of the lowest carbon emissions batteries on the planet. It is also building a 38 GWh factory in the USA for $8B, of which $2.5B comes directly from the benefits of the Inflation Reduction Act.

It is hard for non-technicians to evaluate properly brand new technology like these semi-solid batteries. In this case, a good method can be to rely on the actions of other companies, especially corporations hiring top scientists and technicians who will evaluate the technology themselves.

From that perspective, the company has achieved a lot, with a serious commitment from partners in the green industry to buy batteries from FREYR in the 2025-2030 period:

• 10-14 GWh from Impact Clean Power Technology.
• 38 GWh from Nidec Corporation.
• 19 GWh from Honeywell
• 5 GWh from Powin
• Undisclosed volume from Maersk, Siemens Energy, Scatec, ITOCHU, and Eguana.

An investment in FREYR is a bet on 24M’s new technology and FREYR’s ability to execute in building from scratch 2 giant battery factories. The relatively low market cap makes this idea potentially attractive, allowing FREYR much room to grow, especially considering the massive pre-sold volumes already agreed with several large industrial corporations.

10. Microvast Holdings, Inc.

(MVST )

Most battery companies focus on small electronics or EVs. But another sector that is undergoing electrification is the heavy-duty transportation sector. While companies like Tesla might be promising at some point a semi-truck, these promises have been lagging by many years by now, and overall, it seems that the focus of most automakers is on cheaper EVs, better performances, or even autonomous driving.

Houston-based Microvast has, from the beginning, focused on a different sector, targeting trucks, buses, delivery vans, industrial machinery, etc…

출처: Microvast

Microvast’s technological advantage is unique battery chemistries with characteristics attractive to the niche markets in which it operates. For example, ultra-fast charges and very long-lasting batteries to the cost of lower range for buses or mining trucks.

It currently has 3 manufacturing plants in China and the US and installed 30,000+ battery systems. To the current 9 GWh of battery-making capacity, it is adding another 4 GW, to be in production by the end of 2023. These expansions are “self-funding” and cost no additional capex, thanks to US subsidies and customer prepayments.

The markets in which Microvast is operating are expected to display explosive growth, notably 39% CAGR by 2030 for electric commercial vehicles,

The company has also grown its order backlog by 300% since Q1 2022 and expects to grow revenues from 2023 to 2024 by 50-100%. In the long run, the company expects its revenues to grow by 50% CAGR until 2027.

The need for R&D for its unique battery chemistries and building the manufacturing capacity has kept Microvast unprofitable so far. The company’s management expects to reach breakeven and profitability by 2024-2025.

So while not as “sexy” as electric sports and luxury cars, or as massive a corporation like CATL, LG, or Samsung, Microvast occupies a valuable niche posed for quick growth, and in which it acquired a solid reputation with all the main brands of buses, trucks, and mining equipment.

Investors in Microvast will want to see the company deliver the promised explosive growth, reach profitability, and pay close attention to the process of electrification of infrastructure like deliveries, buses, and industrial operations.

Bonus: Solid Power, Inc.

(SLDP )

Solid Power is focused on making solid-state batteries a reality, using a unique solid sulfide-based electrolyte technology and a silicon anode. The company was funded by investors including Hyundai, Volta Energy Technologies, Umicore, Sanoh, A123 Systems, and Solvay. Since it also added Ford and BMW among its partners.

출처: Solid Power

The company claims its process leverages already existing tools and methods used in lithium-ion production, allowing it to re-use 70% of the capex already invested in traditional battery tech. The company is targeting a 350 Wh/kg density.

Many questions are left open about Solid Power technology, and the targeted density is impressive but in line with the target of other firms working on solid-state batteries (QuantumScape) or even on improving lithium-ion (CATL).

Still, the company has engaged in a truly unique path with silicon/sulfide chemistry. This could prove a serious advantage when everyone else is betting on less creative variations of lithium batteries.

It could also make it a target for takeover by some of the industry giants, as the current market capitalization of just above $500M is fairly small compared to Tesla, BYD, or CATL, tens or hundreds of billions.