양자 컴퓨팅: 새로운 스마트 증폭기로 에너지 절감

A team of researchers from Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden introduced a smart amplifier system that enables quantum computers to maximize their qubit data. The upgrade would help future devices scale up to meet the growing demand for AI-centric computer systems moving forward. Here’s how engineers used qubit amplifiers to boost quantum computer performance.

양자 컴퓨터

There has been a lot of talk about quantum computers recently. These devices, which were only invented in 1998, utilize qubits instead of traditional computer bits. The first quantum computer was a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer.

Its design was revolutionary in that it incorporated quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform its tasks. Notably, quantum computers can outperform supercomputers and are capable of handling the most complex computations known to man today.

비트와 큐비트

Their power comes from the use of qubits over bits. Computers today rely on bits of data to operate. Bits are sent as 1s and 0s using binary code. Any combination of these digits can equal specific information to computers. Binary code has been a solid foundation for computing for decades.

The introduction of the use of quantum bits or qubits changes everything. Using superposition, qubits are able to carry all values at the same time, providing an enormous amount of computational capabilities. Notably, all quantum computers rely on special devices they use to interpret the quantum data, called amplifiers.

증폭기

Amplifiers enhance sensitive microwaves to boost qubit signals. They are a crucial component in the quantum computer design, where they help to ensure that qubit data gets promptly recorded before the quantum state vanishes.

양자 컴퓨터의 한계

There are some limitations of quantum computers that have slowed their adoption. For one, they are extremely expensive to build and operate. These devices must be kept at cryogenic temperatures to stabilize the qubits and prevent any qubit decoherence.

Decoherence can occur for many reasons, including magnetic, electrical, or heat interference. The latter is a serious concern as each amplifier added to a quantum computer system also introduces additional heat and energy requirements. The slightest temperature change can result in qubits losing their integrity and becoming unusable for computations.

스마트 증폭기 연구 내부

The Pulsed HEMT LNA Operation for Qubit Readout study¹, put forth by engineers from the Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, introduces a novel method to scale up quantum computer performance. The new approach relies on high-performing qubits powered by a purpose-built amplifier and algorithm.

The quantum computer system utilizes a modified commercially available cryogenic hybrid device to work with a smart amplifier. The smart amplifier was built to function only when quantum bits pulse. This approach had many challenges that researchers needed to overcome to be successful.

출처 – Chalmers University of Technology

For one, the team had to configure the device to operate fast enough to switch on and off between qubit pulses. To accomplish this task, the engineers created a special algorithm. The optimized gate voltage waveform algorithm allowed the amplifier to operate with more accuracy. The algorithm was also crucial in reducing the power consumption and heat created by the device.

Unlike traditional amplifiers, which run constantly, the pulse approach requires the device to kick on in milliseconds. Engineers fine-tuned the algorithm to accomplish this task, ensuring the smart amplifier activated rapidly enough to keep pace with the qubit readout.

스마트 증폭기 테스트 방법

The engineers put their new quantum smart amplifier through several tests to ensure its capabilities and performance metrics. The team began by analysing the amplifiers’ recovery limitations. This test involved recording the device’s transient noise and measuring performance.

The engineers needed to ensure that decoherence was at a minimum during these computations. As such, they had the device conduct several high-level computations, registering any noise produced as the system operated closely.

Specifically, the team leveraged a cryogenic time domain noise measurement setup with 5-ns time resolution. From there, the scientists improved accuracy by keeping the measured noise standard deviation (SD) below 0.3 K.

The next test measured the time-domain noise and gain performance in response to a square gate voltage waveform. This was one of the hardest parts of their work as qubits pulse in nanoseconds, making timing and registering their appearance a challenging task.

Lastly, the team documented the drain current transients, enabling them to calculate the average power consumption of the pulse-operated smart amplifier. The system took into account all power requirements, including power loss during pulse operations.

스마트 증폭기 결과: 더 빠르고, 더 차갑고, 더 좋음

The smart amplifier test results are impressive when compared to predecessors. Interestingly, the study represents the first successful demonstration of low-noise semiconductor amplifiers for quantum readout in pulsed operation, opening the door for future innovations.

Notably, the engineers timed the amplifier to see how fast it could respond to quebits. The device is timed at 35 nanoseconds when measuring the qubits. They also noted that the amplifier produced far less heat and interference during its duty cycle, resulting in cleaner signal reception.

The group proved that their pulsed approach reduced power consumption without reducing performance. In the past, amplifier additions resulted in more power being used by the system. It wasn’t until these researchers took the time to study and create a reliable pulse algorithm that amplifier performance and energy consumption could be successfully decoupled.

스마트 증폭기의 주요 이점

There’s a long list of benefits that the smart amplifier brings to the quantum computers market. For one, it could prove to be pivotal in the development of high-performance and low-power quantum computers. These systems would provide a reliable and efficient structure for large-scale applications.

감도 향상

The smart amplifier delivers more accurate and sensitive readings of qubit data thanks to its pulse design. The algorithm ensures that the device is only operating when the qubits are active. It represents the most sensitive amplifier ever built using transistors, marking a major milestone in the quantum computer sector.

고효율 성능

The design also brings the advantage of energy efficiency. This pulsed design reduces average power consumption by up to ~85–90% compared to continuous operation. This efficiency is crucial to its design as AI protocols, which quantum computers will be used to run, also require a lot of energy to operate.

저열 발생

There’s another advantage to the pulse smart amplifier in that it creates far less heat than its predecessors. The new device will allow the cryogenic chambers that quantum computers need to operate to run with less effort. Additionally, it opens the door for these devices to become smaller and integrated into more devices in the future.

실제 적용 사례 및 출시 일정

고효율 증폭기의 실제 적용 사례는 많습니다. 가장 명백한 용도는 양자 컴퓨터를 업그레이드하고 대중이 더 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 돕는 것입니다. 곧 양자 컴퓨터 데이터 센터가 클라우드 서비스를 통해 대중에게 고성능 계산 능력을 제공할 것입니다. 여기서부터 이 기술은 결국 일반인도 감당할 수 있는 수준이 될 것입니다.

스마트 증폭기로 구동되는 양자 컴퓨터를 사용하게 되려면 10년 이상이 걸릴 수도 있습니다. 이러한 장치는 극저온 챔버를 필요로 하는 등 여전히 많은 비용 제약이 존재합니다. 그러나 향후 5년 내에 클라우드 기반 양자 컴퓨터 서비스가 본격적으로 성장하기 시작할 것입니다.

신약 개발

Quantum computers powering advanced AI algorithms will revolutionize the medical field. Already, AI systems are playing a vital role in drug and treatment development. In the coming years, high-performance quantum computers will help to improve the testing and creation of new drugs without the use of test subjects.

암호화

The encryption sector will see major changes as quantum computers enter service. These devices will have enough power to quickly decimate any regular computer-powered security protocols. As such, these devices will prove to be pivotal in securing future computer systems and preventing large-scale data breaches or hacks.

내일의 AI에 전력 공급

The best use case for smart amplifiers is in creating quantum computers to power future AI systems. AI protocols are only as good as their training and data sets. Quantum computers could utilize massive datasets and access archived information from them in record time. This approach would allow these systems to conduct massive and complex computations in seconds.

물류

The logistics sector is another location where quantum computers could shine. The logistics market represents trillions of goods traveling across the globe daily. The introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and AI has helped to improve trackability.

However, these systems don’t have the power to keep up with the growing number of sensors and other inputs created along a product’s journey. Quantum computers could support future logistics systems. Enabling real-time efficiency upgrades across massive networks.

스마트 증폭기 연구자

The smart amplifier study was put forth by a team of researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, based in Sweden. The study lists Yin Zeng and Maurizio Toselli as the main authors of the work. It also shows support from Jörgen Stenarson, Peter Sobis, and Jan Grahn, a professor of microwave electronics at Chalmers.

Funding from the project came from the Vinnova programme Smarter electronic systems and the Chalmers Centre for Wireless Infrastructure Technology (WiTECH).

스마트 증폭기 연구의 미래

The researchers see their work as the foundation for future developments. They hope to continue their studies into high-performance qubit amplifiers and seek to work on making the device easier to integrate into future quantum computer chips.

양자 컴퓨터에 투자하기

The quantum computers industry has several high-level players vying for the title. These companies have poured millions into creating high-performance devices that can accomplish computations at a level even supercomputers could never achieve. Here’s one company that continues to provide viable solutions for the market.

Nvidia

When you think of Nvidia (NVDA ), you probably have visions of high-demand GPUs. The company has secured a reputation as a leading provider of these devices, which are critical in high-end graphics and crypto mining operations.

What most people don’t know is that Nvidia also plays a crucial role in the quantum computers market, where it provides hardware and services to manufacturers. The company’s latest products include NVIDIA DGX Quantum.

This high-performance system and reference architecture were designed to specifically support quantum-classical computing. The product was built in conjunction with another major contender in the sector, Quantum Machines.

Notably, Nvidia continues research and development into Quantum Processing Units (QPUs), seeking to become the go-to hardware solution for future systems. If the company can capitalize on its positioning and first mover status. It could result in the firm achieving market dominance, similar to its actions in the graphics card sector.

Anyone seeking exposure to several high-tech sectors, including AI, graphics, gaming, and quantum computing, should do more research into Nvidia. The company has secured a reputation as a quality hardware provider. Moving forward, it hopes to lay the infrastructure needed to power tomorrow’s high-performance computing systems.

최신 Nvidia (NVDA) 주식 뉴스 및 개발

최종 생각: 확장 가능한 양자에 한 걸음 더 가까워짐

The smart amplifier study introduced a reliable way to make the world’s most powerful computers even faster. Additionally, the device reduces power consumption, making it ideal for use in sustainable systems. All of these factors make the smart amplifier a game changer that could help usher in a new age of ultra-powerful computers.

Learn about other quantum computer developments here.

참조 연구:

^{1. Zeng, Y., Stenarson, J., Sobis, P., & Grahn, J. (2025). Pulsed HEMT LNA operation for qubit readout. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2025.3556982}