주택 부족 해결 – 3D 프린팅이 해답이 될 수 있을까?

Many parts of the world share a major problem: there’s not enough housing to go around. The housing shortage has had a resounding effect on the economy as people continue to pay absorbent amounts for their homes, leading to less disposable income and more concentrated wealth. Thankfully, multiple teams of engineers are researching 3D printing as a way to help alleviate this shortage. Here’s everything you need to know about how 3D printing could help solve the housing shortage crisis.

주택 부족 통계

The housing shortage has hit new records across North America lately. Recent studies show that Canada and the US are +3.5M homes short of what’s needed to balance pricing. This shortage is predicted to widen as the main factors leading the housing crisis continue. Notably, the US West Coast, particularly California, leads the list.

주택 부족 원인

There are many factors leading to the current housing shortage. For one, delays and shortages caused by the pandemic have led to broken supply chains. These damaged chains drive inflation, which has resulted in higher prices across the board and led more architects to seek out innovative solutions, including additive manufacturing.

3D 프린팅으로 주택 부족 해소

One area of construction that has shown promise is 3D printing. Several projects are underway that demonstrate how this technology could help reduce cost, improve accessibility, and expand humanity to new heights. The concept of 3D-printed houses has been around since these devices entered the market. However, it wasn’t until recent advancements in material science and 3D printing technology made it possible.

출처 – Hassell and Imigo

Today, several methods are used to print 3D houses. The most common use is readily available concrete. The concrete is specially mixed to allow it to be dispensed from large nozzles. These units operate like miniature 3D printers but on a house-sized scale. They layer the concrete carefully to generate walls.

The advantage of these 3D-printed homes is that they use available and durable concrete. Now, some systems print using specific patterns that allow ventilation or insulation to be added, lowering construction costs further and opening the door for large-scale adoption.

다층 3D 프린팅 건물

Project Milestone is unique among the concrete 3D building options for many reasons. For one, it’s the first to successfully create a reliable and easy-to-utilize multi-floor approach to 3D printing buildings. Project Milestone engineers developed a process in which a cement-like mixture gets extruded from a printer nozzle until it builds up a predetermined shape.

These shapes are printed on the building site and assembled by workers. This approach lowers setup costs, as the printing facility can efficiently provide prints to a large region. The current Project Milestone building plans include a 3-floor 1,370 sq ft option and a 2-floor 1230 sq ft choice.

흙 프린팅이 주택 부족을 돕다

Earthprining is another sector of the 3D-printed homes market worth learning about. This method puts a new twist on man’s oldest building method: using dirt. Your prehistoric ancestors built with this material, and impressively, some of their works are still partially intact today.

In 2018, engineers decided to combine 3D printing with soil ramming. This method of making building material compacts dirt into bricks that can be used across a wide variety of construction projects. By 2021, TECLA had completed its first 3D-printed soil home in Ravenna, Italy. The project rammed dirt to make walls that featured integrated supports.

흙 프린팅의 진화

Recent developments in the Earth 3D printing sector include the use of intricate shapes and designs that enable ventilation and light to enter buildings. The latest method of earth printing involves inserting a wire mesh between the layers when compacting, providing interconnected support. This method integrates a 30% clay mix, which acts as a natural bonding agent when compacted and dried.

Hope Village

Hope Village는 3D 프린팅 주택이 모두의 삶을 개선할 수 있는 대표적인 사례입니다. 탄자니아에 위치한 이 프로젝트는 토양 기반 건축 방식을 사용해 도움이 필요한 아이들을 주거하게 하려 합니다. 프로젝트 개발자에 따르면, 이 사이트는 3세에서 18세 사이의 소녀 480명을 수용하게 될 것입니다.

50개 건물

Hope Village는 단순한 주거 시설을 넘어섭니다. 팀의 전략의 일환으로 교육, 기술 훈련, 레크리에이션 및 농업 시설도 제공될 예정입니다. 인쇄 예정인 50개 이상의 건물 중에는 보육 시설도 포함됩니다. 특히 팀은 Crane WASP 프린팅 시스템을 포함한 TECLA 3D 프린팅 프로젝트의 일부를 통합할 것입니다.

Crane WASP

Crane WASP (World’s Advanced Saving Project) 는 대형 3D 프린터로, 리깅을 활용해 넓은 영역에서 이동성을 확보하여 건설에 이상적입니다. 특히 WASP라는 이름은 진흙을 사용해 건축하는 것으로 유명한 목수 말벌에서 따왔습니다.

WASP 프린터는 전통적인 방법에 비해 극히 낮은 비용으로 주택을 제작할 수 있는 능력 때문에 때때로 인피니티 3D 프린터라고도 불립니다. 이미 WASP는 남미에서 가장 심각한 주택 위기 중 하나인 콜롬비아에서 주택 건설을 지원했습니다. 앞으로 이러한 시스템은 전 세계적으로 보편화될 수 있습니다.

대형 커뮤니티 센터

Hope Village의 중심에는 최신 기술 개발을 선보이는 3D 프린팅 건물이 설립될 것입니다. 커뮤니티 센터는 낮에는 학교 역할을 하고, 식당으로도 활용되는 등 지역 사회에서 다양한 역할을 수행합니다. 또한 커뮤니티 행사에 안전한 장소를 제공할 것입니다.

흥미롭게도 Hope Village의 벽은 하중을 지지하지 않습니다. 따라서 지붕은 모두 현지에서 조달된 목재 지지대에 연결됩니다. 마지막으로, 금속 시트 층이 비와 햇빛으로부터 보호를 강화합니다. 커뮤니티 센터는 2025년 초에 건설을 시작할 예정입니다.

주택 부족을 돕는 3D 프린팅 건설의 장점

There are many reasons why there is a push to bring 3D-printed homes to the market. These units can be made at much lower rates and can utilize local building materials. The WASP 3D printer can create a home for as little as $1000. Additionally, it can produce this dwelling fast and with durability comparable to concrete structures.

더 접근성 향상

Accessibility is another reason 3D housing projects will see significant growth moving forward. It’s easier for a builder to introduce a 3D printer that leverages local resources to create communities versus importing building materials, workers, and more. This strategy will enable communities to improve and expand to meet the needs of their populations.

저렴한 주택이 주택 위기를 완화

It’s far less expensive to 3D print homes versus building using the current methods. Anytime you automate a process you eliminate most of the overhead. 3D-printed homes don’t require teams of construction experts. As such, they are much cheaper to build. Additionally, The printer doesn’t need to take lunch breaks or sleep, adding to the buildings that can be made per month.

주택 부족 감소를 위한 미래 지원

One of the biggest advantages of using 3D printers to expand communities is the ability to expand the community itself. Imagine your neighborhood having a 3D printer that could produce new buildings whenever your community required it. The goal of many of these housing projects is to teach locals how to use the printer so the community can construct buildings in the future and improve the lives of everyone.

정교한 디자인

Another major benefit that 3D printers offer to the building sector is the ability to create intricate designs and expand on the architecture used in buildings today. There are new wall designs that save you on heating and cooling costs. Porous walls for hot environments are prime examples of how building for the location adds to the value of a property.

3D 프린팅 주택의 미래

The future of 3D printing in the construction sector is bright. Already, 3D printing options are the ideal solution to long-standing problems within the construction industry. Also, 3D printing may be useful for printing houses in other environments outside Earth. 3D 우주에서의 프린팅은 쉬운 작업이 아닙니다. 대부분의 3D 프린터는 중력에 의존해 재료가 제자리에 놓이게 합니다. 중력이 없으면 재료가 제대로 정착하고 장치가 의도대로 작동하도록 새로운 3D 프린팅 방법이 필요합니다.

특히 NASA는 3D 프린터를 활용해 우주비행사들이 다른 행성 및 달을 식민화하도록 돕는 방안을 검토해 왔습니다. 2019년 NASA는 3D 프린팅 서식지 챌린지를 개최했으며, 2022년에는 오스틴에 기반을 둔 건설 회사 ICON에 5,720만 달러 계약을 수여해 3D 프린팅 서식지 개발을 확대하도록 했습니다.

2022년 10월, Icon은 텍사스 휴스턴에 있는 NASA의 존슨 우주 센터에서 그들의 노력을 선보였습니다. 시연에는 화성에서 사용할 수 있도록 설계된 3D 프린팅 서식지가 포함되었습니다. 또한 언젠가 달을 식민화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 몇몇 달 3D 프린팅 기술도 소개되었습니다.

시장에 파장을 일으키는 3D 프린팅 기업

The 3D printing sector is a fast-growing market that continues to see expansion. These devices are more popular than ever and have expanded in both their capabilities and designs. Additionally, the supporting software and hardware firms have seen revenue growth.

AutoDesk

Autodesk (ADSK )는 다양한 산업에 솔루션을 제공하는 소프트웨어 제공업체입니다. 이 회사의 모델링 소프트웨어는 건축 및 엔지니어링 시장 전반에서 사용되고 있습니다. 또한 여러 건설 프로젝트에서도 중요한 역할을 수행했습니다. Autodesk는 엔터테인먼트 및 교육 분야에서도 사용되어 전반적인 긍정적 평판을 더하고 있습니다.

(ADSK )

Autodesk는 1982년에 시장에 진입했으며 John Walker가 이끄는 프로그래머 그룹에 의해 설립되었습니다. AutoCAD 소프트웨어의 최초 출시를 통해 명성을 얻었습니다. 이는 PC에서 실행된 최초의 CAD 소프트웨어였으며 수십 년 동안 업계 표준으로 자리 잡았습니다.

최근 몇 주간 내부자 거래 의혹과 전반적인 기술주 가격 하락으로 인해 ADSK 주가는 다소 하락했습니다. 그러나 많은 분석가들은 AI 기반 시스템으로의 전환과 포지셔닝이 향후 성장 잠재력을 시사한다며 이 기업을 강력한 “보유” 종목으로 보고 있습니다.

3D 프린팅 건설 방법 채택에 대한 장애물

There are still some roadblocks to the large-scale adoption of 3D-printed construction methods. For one, there isn’t any long-term data on their durability. People know that impacted earth or concrete can last a long time, but how these materials are formed together makes a crucial difference in their durability. Until long-term data supports the ruggedness of these homes, it will be difficult to get investors on board.

규제에 대한 우려

Another concern expressed by some is that it will be nearly impossible to keep up with the licensing and safety measures in place today. They argue that a complete overhaul of the safety requirements would be needed to accommodate the new construction method. As such, this process could result in further delays in the use of these tools in the construction sector.

주택 부족은 프린팅으로 해결될 수 있다

When you look at the innovative strategies that some architects have turned to recently, it is easy to envision a future where 3D printers help alleviate housing shortages when needed. These devices are only going to get better as material sciences improve, and in the coming years, it’s very likely your home will be printed rather than built.

다른 멋진 적층 제조 프로젝트에 대해 오늘 알아보세요.