Sijoittaminen genomiikkaan ja CRISPR:iin – Kaikki mitä sinun tarvitsee tietää

There’s a new industry that is rising, and it is promising to be as disruptive as AI and blockchain – that industry is genomics.  With the benefit of CRISPR, affordable human genome sequencing, and advances in data science, a handful of companies are positioning themselves to take advantage of this new advent of healthcare. We will explore what is genomics, what companies are positioning themselves for this future, and why it matters.

Mitä genomiikka on?

Genomiikka on henkilön geenien (genomin) tutkimus; ala tarkastelee näiden geenien vuorovaikutuksia keskenään ja henkilön ympäristön kanssa. Genomi on organismin täydellinen DNA‑kokoelma, joka ohjaa yksilön erilaisia fyysisiä ominaisuuksia. Lähes jokainen kehon solu sisältää täydellisen kopion noin 3 miljardia DNA‑emäsparia, eli kirjainta, jotka muodostavat ihmisen genomin. Data‑analytiikan voimalla on nyt mahdollista tutkia, miten geenit vuorovaikuttavat, ja joissakin tapauksissa muokata geenejä muuttamalla yksi DNA‑kirjain tai -emäs.

Ihmisen genomin sekvensointi

There are multiple exponential technologies that have merged to enable the easy and cost-effective sequencing of the complete human genome.  Sequencing the first human genome cost 2,7 miljardia and took 13 years.  Due to Moore’s Law and other exponential technologies the cost has now been reduced to $1000, and is projected to be further reduced to $100.

Tämä tarkoittaa, että olemme siirtymässä aikakauteen, jossa kuka tahansa voi saada täydellisen ihmisen genomin sekvensoitua etsiäkseen virheitä tai alttiutta tiettyihin sairauksiin tai terveysongelmiin.

Multiple companies are clamoring for a marketplace where initially consumers will demand to have their genome sequenced, and eventually, medical professionals will demand it. This is driving the force behind many of the genomic companies in the marketplace, the second driving force is the transformative power of CRISPR technology.

Mitä CRISPR on?

To familiarize oneself with CRISPR, one must first understand that there are multiple use cases for the terminology. In biology, CRISPR refers to DNA sequences naturally found in the genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms. CRISPRs are the sequences of a crucial component of the immune system that protect bacteria from viruses. The CRISPR immune system defends itself from viral attack by destroying the genome of the invading virus. This is where CRISPR technology then enters the scene.
For popular usage and in how we will explain it, “CRISPR” is shorthand for “CRISPR-Cas9.”  CRISPR in combination with a protein called Cas9 (or “CRISPR-associated”) is an enzyme that acts like a pair of molecular scissors, capable of cutting strands of DNA. While the idea of gene editing has been around since the 1950s, CRISPR has enabled a cost-effective level of gene editing with a precision that has never before been available.

Genomiikkaan osallistuvat yritykset

There are currently dozens of companies that are taking advantage of genomics, we will review five of the leading companies that are publicly traded.

CRISPR Therapeutics AG

Mikä erottaa CRSPR Therapeutics muista, on perustajien huippuosaava tiimi, johon kuuluu tohtori Emmanuelle Charpentier, jonka merkittävä tutkimus paljasti CRISPR‑Cas9‑teknologian keskeiset mekanismit ja loi perustan CRISPR‑Cas9:n käyttöön monipuolisena ja tarkan geenieditointityökaluna. Lukuisa määrä palkintoja on tunnustanut hänen työnsä, mukaan lukien Breakthrough Prize in Life Science.

CRISPR Therapeutics kehittää tehokasta ja monipuolista CRISPR/Cas9‑geenieditointialustaa hoidoiksi, joilla hoidetaan hemoglobiinipatologioita, syöpiä, diabetesta ja muita sairauksia.

The first therapy that they are advancing is verisairauksien beeta‑thalassemia ja sirppisoluanemia kohdistuva, ja se on nyt siirtynyt kliiniseen testaukseen, samoin kuin ensimmäinen allogeeninen CAR‑T‑ohjelma, joka kohdistuu B‑solu‑kasvaimiin. While sickle cell is a disease with an arguable small market, once the technology is mature they can advance to targeting other disease vectors.

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. on biotekniikkayritys, joka perustettiin vuonna 2004 ja kehittää sekä valmistaa järjestelmiä geenisekvensointiin ja joitakin uusia reaaliaikaisia biologisia havaintoja. He ovat kehittäneet yksittäisen molekyylin, reaaliaikaisen (SMRT) sekvensointiteknologian, joka tarjoaa korkean konsensus‑tarkkuuden ennennäkemättömillä lukupituuksilla. Tämä on uusi tapa tutkia DNA:n, RNA:n ja proteiinien synteesiä ja säätelyä hyödyntäen edistysaskeleita biokemiassa, optiikassa, nanofabrikoinnissa ja muussa.

Some of the current applications they are working on include detecting epigenetic changes during sequencing to open the door to easier exploration … This will enable understanding the effects of epigenetics on a broad range of biological processes, including gene expression, host-pathogen interactions, environmental response, DNA damage, and DNA repair. Furthermore, it will uncover the role of epigenetics in the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.

Twist Biosciences Corp

Twist Biosciences Corp valmistaa synteettistä DNA:ta biotekniikkateollisuuden asiakkaille. He ovat suunnitelleet DNA‑synteesialustan, joka ratkaisee perinteisten DNA‑synteesimenetelmien läpimeno-, skaalautuvuus- ja kustannusrajoitteet. Tämä mahdollistaa tarkan DNA‑valmistuksen suuressa mittakaavassa.

The high-throughput silicon platform enables Twist Biosciences to miniaturize the chemistry necessary for DNA synthesis. This miniaturization allows the company to reduce the reaction volumes by a factor of 1,000,000 while increasing throughput by a factor of 1,000, enabling the synthesis of 9,600 genes on a single silicon chip at full scale.

This is essentially an easy way for other companies to order DNA as needed.

Illumina, Inc

Illumina, Inc kehittää, valmistaa ja markkinoi integroituja järjestelmiä geneettisen vaihtelun ja biologisen toiminnan analysointiin. Yritys tarjoaa tuoteryhmän ja palveluita, jotka palvelevat sekvensointi-, genotyypitus- ja geeniekspressio- sekä proteomiamarkkinoita.

The technology is currently being used to assist with COVID-19,  they enable companies working around the clock to track transmission, conduct surveillance, develop therapies and vaccines for any type of viral infection.

Some of their current offerings include access to fast, high-quality, sample-to-data next-generation sequencing (NGS) services such as RNA and whole-genome sequencing services.

Valitse osakevälittäjä

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Yhteenveto

While we have listed some of the primary companies that are taking advantage of low-cost human genome sequencing, and gene editing, there are many other companies that are promising. The healthcare industry is ripe for disruption; investors that strategically become shareholders in some of these market leaders will be best positioned for the advent of a new industry. Investors should ensure that they become familiar with genomics, with a special emphasis on CRISPR. in Finnish. Do not translate brand names, company names, personal names, URLs, HTML tags, shortcode names, or shortcode attribute keys. Preserve WordPress shortcode syntax, but translate human-visible quoted shortcode values. AUTHOR PROFILE USER_META RULE: If a Last_name field appears in this payload, treat it as the author title and company field, not as a personal name. Translate only role, title, and connective words in that value. Preserve every company, brand, product, website, and personal name exactly as written. Do not translate or alter First_name, display_name, nickname, username, or other personal-name values. AUTHOR PROFILE USER_META OUTPUT RULE: Return only the translated field value. Never include completion markers, explanations, completion-marker instructions, or statements that no additional text needs translation. If the value does not need translation, return the original value only. You are an expert content translator; your tone should be professional and SEO optimized.