Polygon, 1분기 zkEVM 메인넷 출시 약속, Polygon PoS 이번 주 하드 포크 예정

Polygon은 최근 생태계 전반에 걸친 긍정적인 개발을 통해 블록체인 전반에서 확장 솔루션으로서의 입지를 빠르게 강화하고 있습니다. 레이어‑2 확장 네트워크는 이더리움 블록체인에서 거래 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 포괄적인 확장 도구 모음 덕분에 베어 마켓에도 불구하고 그 위상을 확고히 했습니다. 이러한 도구는 zk 롤업, 모듈형 프레임워크, 프라이버시 솔루션 형태로 개발 단계이거나 이미 라이브 상태에 있습니다. Supernets와 ID 솔루션 외에도, 네트워크는 Polygon Village, Polygon Hermez, Polygon Edge 및 Polygon Nightfall 등에서도 진행 상황을 보고했습니다. 특히 Nightfall은 mainnet beta 단계에 있습니다.

During the 5th edition of the Ethereum Community Conference held in 2022년 7월, Polygon announced it is working on its EVM equivalent ZK-rollup, Polygon zkEVM, whose mainnet launch it targeted for early this year. The team provided the next update when it launched the first public testnet for the zk prover in October, which featured one proof per batch.

Polygon, 1분기 zkEVM 메인넷 통합을 앞두고 최종 테스트넷 진행 중

This week, the network assured that it remains on track to deliver on the objective within the first quarter. Polygon deprecated the first testnet on Jan 13, noting that it had achieved 86,142 verified transactions and 20,000 wallet addresses. In the second (ongoing) testnet that went live in December, recursion, a method that enables a single zk proof to attest to the validity of multiple proofs (and subsequently, transactions), was introduced to further condense each batch into a single, bite-sized proof. By recursion, the zkEVM brings progressive changes to both throughput and reduced latency, in contrast to the otherwise usual tradeoffs in time and space.

재귀 사용으로 처리량이 증가하고 지연 시간이 감소

Initially, it was believed that zkEVM technology would take up to 10 years to gain momentum in the market. However, recent advancements in layer-2 scaling solutions and fast finality protocols have led to accelerated developments. Polygon considers its zkEVM the ultimate solution for scalability and cost efficiency on the Ethereum network. David Schwartz, the project lead of Polygon’s zkEVM and Polygon ID, recently remarked on releasing the first complete source code for an EVM-equivalent zkProver. This zkProver, he said, has passed all Ethereum vector tests with a success rate of over 99%, adding that the process of completing validity proofs for conventional user transactions has turned out to be a challenging and rewarding effort for his team.

Schwartz also highlighted that the main divergence between Polygon’s zkEVM and other zk-rollups is the focus on natively scaling the Ethereum ecosystem, as opposed to simply scaling transactions and enhancing performance in a different VM format. This approach aligns with the Type 2 zkEVM classification described by Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin in 2022년 8월, which emphasizes full compatibility with existing Ethereum applications while making minor modifications to facilitate easier development and faster proof generation. Polygon now awaits the results of a security audit before it can eventually launch on the mainnet.

Polygon Labs, 가스 요금 급등 및 체인 재조정을 관리하기 위해 PoS 하드 포크 준비

In a separate development, Polygon Labs put forward a proposal for a network hard fork on Jan 17, intending to mitigate the effects of transaction fee spikes and chain reorganizations on the Polygon network. The community has been discussing this upgrade which is part of efforts to enhance the technical capabilities of the Polygon sidechain.

The hard fork aims to adjust the “BaseFeeChangeDenominator” from 8 to 16, affecting the rate at which the base fee for a transaction change based on the current demand for block space. This is expected to alleviate gas price surges when the network experiences high demand. The Labs team advised that these spikes won’t cease entirely; rather, they’ll be smoothed out for “a more seamless experience.” The second upgrade of this hard fork targets improved security of the Polygon network against chain reorganizations, also known as “reorgs.”

These happen when a new version of the blockchain is temporarily created by diverging from the previous version, potentially bringing confusion and difficulties in verifying transaction completion. To tackle this problem, the developers intend to implement measures to decrease the amount of time required for block finality in regard to verifying successful transactions. The upgrade advances decreasing the sprint length from 64 to 16 blocks, which will lower the chances of secondary or tertiary validators producing blocks, resulting in fewer reorgs.

To learn more about Polygon, visit our Investing in Polygon guide.

기타 개발 사항

Mastercard, Polygon과 협력해 Web3 중심 아티스트 인큐베이터를 출범

Polygon CEO Ryan Watts는 지난 주 Twitter를 통해 뉴욕 기반 금융 서비스 제공업체인 Mastercard와 손잡고 Web3에서 아티스트를 지원한다고 발표했습니다. 성명에서 Mastercard의 최고 마케팅·커뮤니케이션 책임자는 Mastercard (MA ) 아티스트 액셀러레이터 프로그램이 차세대 디지털 크리에이터에게 뛰어난 기회를 제공하는 것이 목표라고 밝혔습니다. 이 협업 프로그램은 Polygon을 활용해 이러한 크리에이터에게 Web3 도구를 소개하고 디지털 경제에서 경력을 향상시킬 수 있는 필요한 기술을 제공할 것입니다.

Artists joining the incubator program will learn to mint their NFTs, grow their fan bases, and boost engagement. They will also gain knowledge on how to promote new mainstream products and maximize their earnings by cutting out the middleman. Mastercard is already engrossed in the music industry, being the official financial services partner of the GRAMMYs. The payments processing firm released a themed album around mid-last year to enhance its commitment to music fans and emerging talent. Polygon’s partnership with MasterCard comes four weeks after competing financial services provider Visa (V ) teased auto-payments on Ethereum in a technical paper explaining this vision of crypto auto-payments.

Ethereum에서 자체 관리 지갑을 위한 새로운 자동 결제

Visa envisions a world where crypto enthusiasts can use their self-custodied cryptocurrencies to set up recurring payments for bills, just as one can schedule these charges in the traditional banking system. The payments firm detailed in the paper that it intends to leverage the Ethereum blockchain to introduce these auto-payments using the Account Abstraction feature. Account Abstraction was previously floated as EIP-86 by Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin and has been included in other proposals, such as EIP-1337.

Though the concept is yet to come alive, its realization would eliminate the need for centralized entities to support these programmable crypto payments. Visa’s proposal assumes a future with much more optimistic conditions than the current market. The firm’s head of Central Bank Digital Currencies and protocols, Catherine Gu, told Forbes that blockchain must retain as high a performance as it has today if the technology is to support payments in the future. Gu added that Visa continues exploring technology around “blockchain primitives and protocols surrounding things that will be potentially important for payments.”

프로그램 가능한 암호 결제를 위한 Account Abstraction 활용

The Ethereum blockchain does not natively support programmable pull payments at a basic level due to the fact that automated smart contracts cannot request transactions. Instead, user accounts must manually initiate and sign off on transactions, which is precisely the case for self-custodial wallets. Visa acknowledged that while automatic payments can be easily set up using bank accounts or custodial cryptocurrency wallets, this type of payment is more difficult to execute on cryptocurrency blockchains.

This inherent difficulty is what prompted the adoption of the Account Abstraction concept – it merges the functions of user accounts (Ethereum-based wallets) and smart contracts into a single Ethereum account called a ‘delegable account‘. This new account functions similarly to a smart contract, enabling users to arrange payments at scheduled recurring intervals. This eliminates the otherwise necessary intervention of the user.

The main concept behind this approach is to expand the programmable rules for the validity of transactions to include a pre‑approved list of authorized parties. This technique allows the user to delegate the ability to instruct their account to initiate a push payment to a pre‑approved automatic payment smart contract. In other words, Account Abstraction enables users to authorize a pre‑approved execution function to initiate payments on their behalf. Visa also revealed it has already successfully implemented the delegable accounts on the Ethereum layer 2 StarkNet (supports Account Abstraction). StarkNet’s implementation only checks whether a transaction originated from a specific address rather than the norm for concrete accounts – verifying whether the transaction arrived with a properly signed signature.

To learn more, check out our Investing in Ethereum guide.