Biyoteknoloji
10x Genomics (TXG): Biyolojik Verileri Yeni Bir Seviyeye Taşıyor
Neden Uzamsal Biyoloji Önemlidir
The past decade has seen the rise of hassas tedaviler ve Nesil-Üç Sıralama (NGS), which have revolutionized diagnostics and medicine. These methods allowed doctors and researchers to move from an approach that targets the whole body (like with drugs) to tailored and targeted treatment or detection methods focused on a specific type of cell or DNA sequence.
Yine de, biyolojik analizin ne kadar derine inebileceğinin son seviyesi bu değil. Belirli bir organ ya da doku tipi içinde (örneğin beyin ya da tümör), bireysel hücreler birbirlerinden çok farklı davranacaktır.
Bu yüzden NGS sekansörleri gibi araçlar binlerce hatta milyonlarca hücrenin verisini aynı anda birleştirirken, araştırmacıların genellikle tek tek bir hücrede ne olduğunu, nanometre seviyesinde bir hassasiyetle anlamaları gerekir. Bu detaylı analiz seviyesine ulaşmak için yeni bir bilim dalı yaratıldı: uzamsal biyoloji. Ve bu alanda lider konuma çıkan bir şirket var: 10x Genomics.
(TXG )
Uzamsal Biyoloji Nedir?
Uzamsal Biyolojinin Ölçtükleri (ve Neden)
Instead of looking at the “mix” of molecules in a sample, spatial biology can determine where in a tissue or a single cell a molecule of interest, like a specific sequence of RNA, is located. And this is either in 2D or 3D.
This will tell researchers how cells interact with each other, how defense mechanisms activate, how a cell reacts to contact with a virus, and so on.
This also has the advantage of providing much more sensitive data. While data of something happening in just a few cells could be drowned in a larger sample, the targeted approach of spatial biology can reveal the key roles of localized phenomena or rare cell types.
More importantly, the data collected can be contextualized with the broader activity of surrounding cells in a tissue, which is a lot more informative than analysis from an isolated single cell or microdissection.
“Spatially resolved transcriptomics highlights how these technologies have matured and expanded to give biologists exceptional views of the biology of single cells while retaining information on spatial context.”
Nature: 2020 Yılının Yöntemi: uzamsal çözünürlüklü transkriptomik
Ana Uzamsal-Omik Modaliteleri
Spatial Biology can be used to understand living cells and analyze specific signals. Among the many types of biological activities that can be measured this way, the most important that can be mentioned are:
- Uzamsal Genomik: DNA ve genomun analizi.
- Uzamsal Transkriptomik: mRNA analizi, genomun kodlamasından gelen gerçek aktivite.
- Uzamsal Proteomik: antikor reseptörleri, bağışıklık belirteçleri vb. gibi ifade edilen protein profillerinin analizi.
- Uzamsal Metabolomik: hormonlar, kanser biyobelirteçleri vb. gibi belirli biyomoleküllerin analizi.
10x Genomics: Şirket ve Platformlar
10x Genomics is one of the pioneers in single-cell analysis and spatial biology, having developed equipment in this field since its foundation in 2012. One of its founders, Serge Saxonov, was previously the founding architect and director of research and development at genetic testing company 23andMe.
10x Genomics did its IPO in 2019 and has been releasing a series of single-cell and spatial biology analytical tools since.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
Chromium, Visium HD, and Xenium
In total, the company has sold 7,000+ analytical instruments, of which 1,050+ were sold in 2024 alone.
While pure spatial biology is driving the company forward technically, it is the single-cell analysis Chromium platform that has sold the most for now, with 5,800+ units sold.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
The two other main platforms of 10x Genomics are Visium and Xenium:
- Visium is using NGS (genomic) to create a whole transcriptome for each small 2-µm area of a tissue sample.
- Xenium is using imaging (microscopy) to measure the gene expression of targeted genes (up to 5,000 genes) for each individual cell in a tissue sample.
Overall, Visium will be most useful to researchers to give them an overview of the biological activity in a given area, while Xenium will give insight into specific activities they already know to be of interest in a specific case.
As more data accumulates and Xenium’s capacity grows, universal single-cell analysis at the tissue sample scale is likely to become the gold standard of biotech research.
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| Platform | Ana Teknik | Ne Ölçer | Çözünürlük | Tipik Kullanım Durumları |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium | Tek hücre bölümlendirme + NGS | Tam transkriptom tek hücre profilleri (ATAC, V(D)J dahil) | Hücre düzeyi (uzamsal bağlam yok) | Hücre tipi keşfi, yolculuk, bağışıklık repertuarı |
| Visium HD | Uzamsal gen ifadesi (NGS) | Doku kesitleri boyunca tam transkriptom | ~2 µm pikseller (tek hücre ölçeği) | Doku mimarisi, mikroçevre haritalama |
| Xenium | Yerinde görüntüleme (hedefli) | Hedefli RNA (5.000 gene’e kadar) ± hücre başına protein | Alt hücresel; hücre başına çağrılar | Patoloji ilişkili çalışmalar, biyobelirteç doğrulama |
10x Genomics Finansalları
This generated $611M in revenues in 2024, of which $493M in consumables.
The high percentage of consumables in total revenues illustrates that the company’s business model is similar to NGS company Illumina (ILMN ), where the sale of equipment is driving long-term recurring sales of consumables (chemicals, dyes, reagents, etc.) to keep them operating.
Satın Almalar
The company completed its technical offering by acquiring in 2018 Epinomics, a biotechnology company focused on epigenetics, and Spatial Transcriptomics, a biotechnology company focused on spatial genomics.
It was followed by the acquisitions of CARTANA (molecule detection in the cell – “in-situ”) and ReadCoor (sub-cellular nanoscale 3D resolution) in 2020, Tetramer (high-definition tissue analysis) in 2021, and Scale Biosciences (scalable single cell analysis) in 2025.
This makes 10x Genomics not just an innovator, but also an aggregator of these emerging technologies from smaller innovative teams. 10x Genomics then incorporates them into a cohesive whole and common analysis platform and tools, allowing researchers to use only one device for multiple types of analysis.
This is important for efficient R&D, as comparing results between different types of machines and analytical methods can be difficult, reducing the usefulness of disparate results from multiple sources.
Uzamsal Biyoloji Piyasa Görünümü (2025–2030)
Due to the extreme level of information it provides, spatial biology is a method in direct competition with many less precise and powerful legacy biological analysis tools, from decades-old ones like ELISA, Western blot, and PCR, to more advanced ones like flow cytometry or bulk sequencing.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
Spatial biology, also sometimes called spatial-omics, was a $711M market in 2024 and is projected to reach $1,7B by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 16.3%.
It is worth noticing that while the 2020 recognition by Nature as a promising technique was the first inflection point, it is only now that technology is entering an exponential phase from a revenue growth point of view.
Kaynak: GrandView Research
For now, the market is mostly dominated by academic and research institute activity, with biotech and pharmaceutical companies only starting to adopt the technology for their own applied R&D needs. A lot of top scientific publications are now using 10x Genomics machines, a growing trend, as publishing new discoveries is a very competitive field.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
As top scientific publications increasingly use spatial biology for new insights, the technology is becoming more commonly adopted in research labs, which need to stay competitive to keep publishing in top scientific journals.
It is, however, the private sector demand that is expected to drive the majority of new sales of the sector moving forward, as the technology is now better understood, cheaper than before, and a larger academic knowledge base of published scientific papers and databases, as well as trained biologists, can be leveraged to develop practical applications.
Overall, 10x Genomics expects to see biopharma revenues grow from 20% of its total revenues to 50% in the coming years.
Uzamsal ve Tek Hücre Biyolojisindeki Rekabet
Uzamsal Biyoloji
Overall, the market for spatial biology can be divided by the companies operating in it, based on their geographical reach and technical expertise. Only 10x Genomics and Bruker can have both a global geographical reach and move beyond niche technical capacities.
Kaynak: GrandView Research
Bruker, 2024’te iflas eden NanoString’in varlıklarını satın aldı. NanoString’i daha önce edinilen Canopy Biosciences ve Acuity Genomics ile birleştirerek Bruker Spatial Biology oluşturdu.
NanoString ve 10x Genomics, 2023’ten beri karmaşık bir patent ihlali davasına karışmış durumdalar ve bu durum NanoString’in 2024 iflasına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulundu.
Mayıs 2025’te iki şirket, bir küresel çapraz lisans anlaşması imzalayarak tüm davaları sonlandırdı. Bu, her iki şirketin hissedarları için genel olarak iyi bir haber, çünkü bu durumla ilgili belirsizlik büyük ölçüde ortadan kalktı.
“Bu ürünlerin keşif araştırması, translasyonel araştırma ve hassas tıp için sağladığı etki ve değere odaklanabildiğimiz için mutluyuz ve bu yasal davaların sıkıntı ve maliyetini geride bıraktık.”
Tek Hücre Platformu Rakipleri
The market for single-cell analysis is a little more competitive, with, for example, new activity from large lab instrument makers like Qiagen’in single-cell analysis şirketi Parse Biosciences’i 225 milyon dolar ve kilometre taşı ödemeleri karşılığında satın alması.
This segment might become progressively more competitive, as single-cell analysis becomes more common and new technology challenges 10x Genomics’ dominance with its Chromium platform.
However, as this market is a $3.5B market growing at 14.5% CAGR, there is likely space for more actors, each carving a specific niche depending on technical requirements and preinstalled base of equipment in a given research lab.
Araştırmadan Tanıya: Sonraki Adım
For now, spatial biology is mostly a research tool, used to better understand living tissues’ activities at a level of precision never reached before. This is very similar to how advanced NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) tools were used from the 1980s and 1990s to further our understanding of biology, both human and non-human.
Progressively, as these instruments got cheaper and knowledge accumulated, new applications kept being developed using NGS, and they became basic equipment of all biolabs.
Today, simple genetic tests are a common diagnostic tool, as illustrated by the omnipresent PCR tests during the COVID pandemic.
The same direction is likely to be seen with spatial biology. From the current academic research usage, usage by biotech and pharmaceutical firms will keep growing. First in their own applied research progress, and then in diagnostics: initially for serious cases like cancer, increasingly for mundane check-ups.
This gives companies like 10x Genomics a large space to expand, as this technology matures and continues to grow, similar to its older NGS counterpart, Illumina.
AI ve Uzamsal Biyoloji: Bio-AI için Eğitim Verileri
AI analysis is becoming a crucial tool in biology, perhaps not surprisingly, given that the main obstacle to progress in biotech is the sheer volume and complexity of biological data.
By creating a fully contextualized, coherent, and spatially resolved data set, 10x Genomics’s equipment is specially fit to create the dataset on which biotech AI can be trained.
“They have already advanced biological discovery, and with 10x’s innovation engine, that impact will only accelerate.
This integration will help the research community generate the high-quality data needed to drive AI-powered breakthroughs in medicine.
Garry Nolan, PhD, Scale Biosciences kurucu ortağı (2025’te 10x Genomics tarafından satın alındı)
This, in turn, can be used to improve researchers’ understanding of what data still needs to be generated, creating further demand for spatial biology analytical tools.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
AI also makes spatial biology more useful, as it can deal with the literal flood of data that the technology creates.
Data analysis has long been one of the biggest bottlenecks in single-cell and spatial research.
Our recent partnership with Anthropic helps address this issue and makes analysis more accessible by integrating it with Claude for Life Sciences.
With Claude, researchers can now perform common analytical tasks through a conversational interface that complements our existing computational workflows.
For example, such insights can enable scientists to better categorize tumor types and make more accurate predictions of responses to therapy, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Kaynak: 10x Genomics
Ultimately, enough gathered data could help create the so-called “Holy Grail of biology“: an AI-powered virtual cell realistic enough to allow for the perfect simulation of the real living cells.
There are strong reasons to expect that scaling of data will result in vastly more capable models, as it has in just about every other application of artificial intelligence.
These models hold the promise of transforming science, drug discovery, and ultimately human health. We believe that virtual cell efforts represent one of the most important trends in biology in the coming years.
Sonuç
10x Genomics is transitioning from the stage of an innovative startup with an interesting technology to a key industry partners for most biological research organizations, both academic and commercial.
The data-rich understanding of living cells and tissues created by spatial biology and single-cell analyses creates the kind of information that arrives at the right moment to be leveraged by increasingly powerful AIs.
In turn, this should speed up discovery speed in biotech and make spatial biology equipment even more useful, creating a positive feedback loop.
This is not to say that the company is a perfectly safe investment. As it operates in a quickly changing field, competition is still intense, and NanoString, now resurrected inside Bruker, or companies like Qiagen, could be serious competitors.
But for now, 10x Genomics’ quick innovation and strategic acquisitions have put it in a solid position to dominate the field.
