5 Uri ng Mga Pautang sa Mortgage para sa Mga Bumibili ng Bahay (Setyembre 2026)

Ang mga tao ay bumibili araw-araw, at karamihan ay mga maliit na pagbili na hindi gaanong mahalaga sa kabuuang larawan. Kabilang dito ang mga simpleng bagay tulad ng grocery, isang hamburger para sa tanghalian, tiket sa sine, o pagbabayad ng gasolina.

Gayunpaman, may mga pagkakataon sa buhay kung kailan ang binibili mo ay may malaking epekto sa loob ng maraming taon, dekada, o kahit sa buong buhay mo. Ang pagbili ng bagong bahay ay isa sa mga ito, at ito ay madaling maging isa sa pinakamalaking pagbili (at gastusin) na gagawin mo. Siyempre, nangangahulugan ito na kailangan mo ng malaking halaga ng pera na iilan lamang ang may ganun, handang magamit sa cash o sa kanilang mga bangko.

Ang tanging tunay na opsyon dito ay kumuha ng pautang sa bahay. Gayunpaman, dahil hindi lahat ay pareho, makabubuti para sa iyo na tuklasin ang iba’t ibang opsyon sa mortgage at hanapin ang pinakaangkop sa iyong kalagayang pinansyal. Ang ilan sa mga ito ay maaaring maging sapat upang payagan kang bilhin ang iyong bagong bahay at may natitirang pera pa sa iyong bulsa, samantalang ang masama ay halos hindi matakpan ang gastos ng iyong magiging tahanan.

These things require careful consideration and planning, especially these days when the prices are quite unreliable and have a strong tendency to move up quite frequently and by quite a lot.

Iba’t Ibang Uri ng Mortgage

As mentioned, there are different types of mortgages, and selecting the right one can make all the difference for years, if not decades of your future life. We have narrowed it down to 5 types that you should consider, including the following:

1. Konbensiyonal na pautang
2. Jumbo na pautang
3. Pautang na may segurong gobyerno
4. Mortgage na may takdang interes
5. Mortgage na may nababagong interes

The Conventional loan is typically the best for borrowers who have a good credit score, while Jumbo is great for those who wish to buy expensive homes with an excellent credit score. If your credit score is low, and you wish to put down minimal cash as your down payment, then a government-insured loan is your best bet. However, if you are looking at the long years of repaying the loan and want no surprises, then a fixed-rate mortgage is definitely for you. If, on the other hand, you plan for your new house to be only a temporary home, then an adjustable-rate mortgage should do the trick just fine for you.

Now, let’s take a look at each of these loans up close and see what exactly they have to offer.

1. Konbensiyonal na Pautang

The first on our list is the Conventional loan. This is a loan that is not backed by the federal government, and it can come on one of two forms — conforming and non-conforming.

Essentially, the conforming loan, as the name suggests, “conforms” to a certain set of standards that the FHFA (Federal Housing Finance Agency) has put into place. These include things like loan size, debt size, and credit. In 2022, for example, the conforming loan has a limit of $647,200 in the majority of average areas and $970,800 when it comes to more expensive areas.

On the other hand, we have non-conforming loans that do not depend on FHFA standards. Instead, they cater to borrowers that are looking to buy more expensive homes and individuals with credit profiles that step outside of the norm.

Now, the benefits of conventional loans include a few things, such as:

• Maaaring gamitin ito para sa pangunahing tirahan, pangalawang bahay, o kahit para sa investment property
• Ang gastos sa pangungutang ay karaniwang mas mababa kaysa sa ibang uri ng mortgage, bagaman ang interest rate ay bahagyang mas mataas
• Maaaring kanselahin ng nagpapautang ang private mortgage insurance matapos mong maabot ang 20% equity o mag-refinance upang alisin ito kung nais mo
• Maaari kang magbayad lamang ng 3% na down payment sa mga pautang
• Maaaring mag-ambag ang nagbebenta sa mga gastos sa pagsasara

However, there are also a few cons to this type of loan, including:

• Kailangan ng minimum na FICO score na 620
• Ang mga down payment ay karaniwang mas mataas kaysa sa inaalok ng mga pautang ng gobyerno
• Ang DTI ratio ay hindi dapat lumampas sa 43%, o sa ilang kaso, 50%
• Kailangan mong magbayad ng PMI kung ang iyong down payment ay mababa sa 20% ng presyo ng benta
• Maraming papeles ang kinakailangan

If you have a relatively strong credit score and you have some funds that would cover a sizable down payment, this is probably your best option. You’ll be paying the fixed-rate conventional mortgage for the next 30 years.

2. Jumbo na Pautang

Jumbo mortgages are loans that do not fall within FHFA borrowing limits. Basically, these are loans that are commonly taken in high-cost areas. Think Los Angeles, NYC, San Francisco, or pretty much anywhere in the state of Hawaii, where prices are considerably higher than in other areas.

Benefits of getting jumbo loans include:

• Makakautang ka ng napakalaking halaga at makabili ng mamahaling bahay
• Ang mga interest rate ay talagang katulad ng sa konbensiyonal na pautang
• Maraming nangungutang ay napipilitang piliin ang opsyong ito upang maging may-ari ng bahay, kung sila ay nakatira o nais manirahan sa isa sa mga nabanggit na komunidad.

However, jumbo loans come with quite a few disadvantages, including:

• Kailangan mo ng FICO score na 700 o mas mataas
• Kailangan mong magbigay ng down payment na 10-20% ng halaga ng ari-arian
• Ang iyong DTI ay hindi dapat lumampas sa 45%
• Kailangan mong ipakita na mayroon kang malalaking assets, maging ito man ay cash o sa mga savings account
• Karaniwan, ang pautang na ito ay nangangailangan ng maraming detalyadong dokumentasyon upang ikaw ay kwalipikado

Generally speaking, this is a loan for those who plan to finance a home with a selling price far above anything you would call “affordable.”

3. Pautang na may Segurong Gobyerno

When it comes o government-insured loans, they can be a bit misleading, as the US government, obviously, is not a mortgage lender. However, it does play a certain role when it comes to making home ownership available for its citizens. There are three government agencies that back mortgages — The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

VA offers loans that have flexible, low-interest mortgages, but they are only available for the members of the US military, including veterans and those on active duty, and their families. This type of loan does not have a minimum down payment, mortgage insurance, or any credit score requirement. Closing costs are capped, typically, and they may be paid by the seller. VA will charge a funding fee, however, a percentage of the loan amount that can be paid upfront, at closing, or it can even be rolled into the cost of the loan itself.

The second option, the FHA loans, come with fairly competitive interest rates, and they help with making homeownership possible for those who don’t have the money for a major down payment or a particularly strong credit score. A credit score is still required, but you can get this loan if you have a minimum of 580. The down payment will be only 3.5%, in this scenario. However, if you have at least 10% and you are willing to pay that much for your down payment, you can get this loan even if your credit score is all the way down to 500. Just keep in mind that FHA will require two mortgage insurance premiums, which can increase the cost of the mortgage overall.

Finally, there are USDA loans, which help moderate- to low-income borrowers become homeowners if they meet certain income limits. These will be homes in rural, USDA-eligible areas, and one great thing about them is that they don’t require down payments. However, there are extra fees, including an upfront fee of 1% of the loan amount, plus an annual fee.

Now, the benefits of these loans include the following:

• Mas relaxed na mga kinakailangan sa credit
• Pinapayagan kang bumili ng bahay kahit hindi ka kwalipikado para sa konbensiyonal na pautang
• Mababang down payment
• Magagamit para sa mga unang beses na bumibili at sa mga paulit-ulit na bumibili
• Walang mortgage insurance o down payment para sa mga VA loan

On the other hand, there are a few cons to be aware of, including:

• Obligadong mortgage insurance premiums para sa mga FHA loan na hindi maaaring kanselahin
• Ang mga FHA loan ay may mababang limitasyon sa pautang kumpara sa konbensiyonal na pautang
• Kailangang manirahan ang nangungutang sa ari-arian
• Ang kabuuang gastos sa pangungutang ay kadalasang mas mataas
• Kailangan ng masusing dokumentasyon

Essentially, if you are having trouble getting a conventional loan because of a low credit score or you can’t afford high down payments, then this is probably the best option for you.

4. Mortgage na may Takdang Interes

In number four, we have fixed-rate mortgages that, as the name suggests, maintain the same interest rate for as long as you are paying back your loan. That way, you will always have the same payment to make each month, and depending on the loan, this can last anywhere from 15 to 30 years. But, this is the type of loan where there will be no surprises. You know exactly when and how much to pay, and if you can stick to that schedule with the required amounts — you will like this option.

The clear benefits of this loan include:

• Ang buwanang bayad sa principal at interes ay hindi nagbabago kailanman
• Mas madali magplano ng buwanang budget gamit ang pautang na ito

There are two downsides worth remembering here, however, which include:

• Ang pagbaba ng interest rates ay nangangahulugang kailangan mong mag-refinance upang makuha ang mas mababang rate
• Ang interest rates ay karaniwang mas mataas kaysa sa inaalok ng mga adjustable-rate mortgage

5. Adjustable-rate Mortgage (ARM)

Finally, we have adjustable-rate mortgages, which do not come with the fixed-rate mortgages’ stability, but they tend to fluctuate based on market conditions. The so-called ARM loans do come with fixed interest for a few years, but then, as the market changes, the interest rate also can go up or down, and stay like that for the remainder of the term or change further.

This is why many ARM providers offer to keep the rates fixed for the first 7-year or 6-month period, which means that you will only have to deal with the change after that period.

There are a few benefits here, such as:

• Mas mababang takdang rate sa unang mga buwan/taon ng pagmamay-ari ng bahay
• Maaari kang makatipid ng malaking halaga sa mga bayad ng interes

However, there are two downsides worth mentioning:

• Ang buwanang bayad sa mortgage ay maaaring maging hindi kayang bayaran kung ang merkado ay gumalaw sa hindi kanais-nais na paraan, na magdudulot ng default sa pautang
• Kung bumaba ang halaga ng mga bahay, magiging mas mahirap mag-refinance o magbenta bago mag-reset ang pautang

Karagdagang Uri ng Pautang sa Bahay

In addition to the five major mortgage types that we mentioned above, there are four more types that we consider worth mentioning, which might fit certain people. These include:

1) Construction loan — karaniwang mga pautang ito para sa mga nais magtayo ng bahay nang mag-isa. Maaari nilang piliin kung kukuha ng hiwalay na construction loan para sa proyekto at hiwalay na mortgage upang bayaran ang pautang. Mayroon pa nga construction-to-permanent loan na pinagsasama ang gastos sa konstruksyon at pagpopondo sa iisang produkto ng pautang.

2) Interest-only mortgage — Ito ay mortgage na nagpapahintulot sa mga nangungutang na magbayad lamang ng interes sa loob ng tiyak na panahon, karaniwang 5-7 taon. Pagkatapos nito, kinakailangan na nilang magbayad ng parehong principal at interes.

3) Piggyback loan — Ito ay pautang na karaniwang kilala bilang 80/10/10 loan, at ito ay binubuo ng dalawang pautang. Ang una ay para sa 80% ng presyo ng bahay, habang ang ikalawa ay nagdadagdag ng karagdagang 10%. Ang huling 10 ay tumutukoy sa 10% na down payment na kinakailangan mong bayaran. Dinisenyo ang mga pautang na ito upang matulungan kang iwasan ang pagbabayad ng mortgage insurance.

4) Balloon mortgage — Sa huli, may balloon mortgage, na isang uri ng pautang na nangangailangan ng malaking bayad sa pagtatapos ng termino ng pautang. Karaniwang kinakailangan mong magbayad base sa 30-taong termino, ngunit sa maikling panahon lamang, tulad ng 7 taon, halimbawa—Kapag natapos ang termino, magbabayad ka ng malaking halaga sa natitirang balanse, bagaman ito ay madaling maging hindi kayang bayaran kung hindi ka naghanda, o kung bumaba ang iyong credit score sa panahong iyon.